{ "items": [ { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": ["Submersible pressure sensors"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36088, "question": "\n\n
Where is the submersible pressure sensor installed?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The submersible pressure sensor is installed at the lowest measuring point.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure"], "productline": ["Pressure gauges"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36087, "question": "\n\n
How can a diaphragm pressure gauge be protected against aggressive media?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The diaphragm pressure gauge can be coated with PTFE, gold, Hastelloy and many other materials to protect the instrument.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure"], "productline": ["Pressure gauges"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36084, "question": "\n\n
How is pressure measured with a diaphragm pressure gauge?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
In diaphragm pressure gauges, the pressure is transmitted via a wave-shaped diaphragm to a link, which transfers the pressure to the movement.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure"], "productline": ["Pressure gauges"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36083, "question": "\n\n
How is pressure measured with a Bourdon tube pressure gauge?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
With Bourdon tube pressure gauges, the pressure is measured by a Bourdon tube transmitting pressure directly to the pointer.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": [], "branch": ["Industrial Gases"], "type": [] }, "id": 35541, "question": "\n\n
What does LNG mean?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
LNG is the abbreviation for Liquefied Natural Gas, also Natural Gas (main constituent Methane), that is liquefied through low temperatures and relatively low pressures and stored and transported in cryotanks.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": [], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36077, "question": "\n\n
How do zero point errors, span errors and non-linearity affect the accuracy of pressure sensors?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
If all three measuring errors occur at the same time, they either cancel each other out or increase the total error.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": [], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36074, "question": "\n\n
How does a zero point error affect the accuracy of a pressure sensor?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
If a zero point error occurs, the measuring result changes because the characteristic curve shifts in parallel.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Temperature"], "productline": ["Thermometers with switch contacts", "Dial thermometers"], "branch": [], "type": ["TGS55", "TGS73"] }, "id": 36068, "question": "\n\n
What information can be found on the dial of a thermometer?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The dial contains information on the unit of the measured values, the accuracy class and general information such as the construction standard, the serial number and the material designation for all components that come into direct contact with the medium.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure"], "productline": ["Pressure gauges"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36064, "question": "\n\n
What is meant by the accuracy class of a pressure gauge?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The accuracy class of a pressure gauge is the tolerated deviation of the display in percent of the full scale value.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Level"], "productline": ["Glass level gauges"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 36063, "question": "\n\n
What is the advantage of a level indicator with glass level gauge?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The filling height can be read directly.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure"], "productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"], "branch": [], "type": [] }, "id": 35857, "question": "\n\n
In which application areas can diaphragm seal systems be used?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
Diaphragm seal systems can withstand pressure at extreme temperatures (-130 … +400 °C) and with a wide variety of media, thus enabling accurate pressure measurements under extreme conditions.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Level"], "productline": ["Glass level gauges"], "branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"], "type": [] }, "id": 35711, "question": "\n\n
How does a reflex sight glass level indicator work?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
The principle of the reflex level indicator is based on the reflection of light. In the gas or steam phase, the light is reflected by the prismatic grooves of the sight glass so that bright indication is achieved. In the liquid phase, the light is absorbed, resulting in a dark indication of the level.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": ["IN - Continuous measurement", "Continuous measurement with float"], "branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"], "type": [] }, "id": 35706, "question": "\n\n
What is a magnetostrictive level sensor used for?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
These level sensors are used as measured value pick-ups for the continuous recording of levels, and are based on determining the position of a magnetic float according to the magnetostrictive principle.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Temperature"], "productline": ["Dial thermometers"], "branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"], "type": ["55", "A48", "A46", "IFC"] }, "id": 35606, "question": "\n\n
To which standard are gas actuated thermometers and bimetal thermometers manufactured?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
Gas actuated thermometers and bimetal thermometers<\/a> are manufactured to EN 13190. If electrical connectors are built in, DIN 16196 applies.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35583,
"question": "\n\n What should be considered when measuring level with transmitters (potentiometers)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pure percent measurement (ratio measurement) Can I replace U and L thermocouples per DIN 43710 with Type T and J thermocouples per DIN IEC 60584?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. Type T and J themocouples have a different thermal voltage characteristic, which would lead to a measuring error. Type U and Type L thermocouples should only be delivered as replacement parts in old installations. With the construction of new plant, these are no longer permitted.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DMSU21SA", "DSS22T", "DSS22F", "DSS22P"]
},
"id": 35552,
"question": "\n\n Which diaphragm seals are EHEDG certified?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals: What is the accuracy of a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The accuracy depends, first and foremost, on the attached measuring instrument (i.e, an attached pressure gauge with a Class 1.0 gives an accuracy of the seal system of 1% at reference conditions). At best, it can be 0.1%. There are also temperature effects, which can be calculated with the DSC program (Diaphragm Seal Calculation program).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35550,
"question": "\n\n How can one cross-reference flanges to ISO 7005-1 to EN and ASME?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n DN 50 ISO PN 20 = DN 2" Class 150 ASME B16.5 Why is the PTFE version limited to a maximum of 260 °C at ≤ 100 bar?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n PTFE “flows”. Therefore the maximum pressure and temperature is reduced.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.36", "990.34", "970.10", "970.11", "970.12", "990.31", "990.40"]
},
"id": 35546,
"question": "\n\n What is a capsule-type diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This type is especially suitable for heterogeneous media, since it is inserted directly into the medium. It has a particularly small space requirement in comparison to other diaphragm seals. The pressure is captured 'at a point'. The seal consists of an oval tube, closed at one end, as a pressure sensor and a connector part welded to it. To stabilise it, the sensor is mounted to a fitting. The adaptation to the measuring point is made using female or male threads.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35535,
"question": "\n\n What is NAMUR?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n NAMUR is the abbreviation for "Normenausschuss Mess- und Regeltechnik" (Standards committee for measurement and control).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35533,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between the DIN 19213 and EN 61518?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Can I use a window over an ambient temperature of 60 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Windows cannot be used at ambient temperatures of over 60 °C, because the plastic parts such as the sealing underneath the glass and the overpressure plug are not designed for higher temperatures. For temperatures up to 60 °C a transparent polycarbonate can be used.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "713.12", "432.36+8xx", "731.12", "711.12", "DPGS43HP.160", "733.02", "TGS73", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "762.14", "732.14", "TGS55", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35510,
"question": "\n\n What is an inductive contact (model 831)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Inductive limit switches in pointer gauges are fitted with non-contact electrical distance sensors (proximity sensors) in accordance with EN 50227. The output signal is determined by the presence or absence of a flag, moved by the actual value pointer within the range of the electromagnetic field of the proximity switch. They are mainly used in hazardous areas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "713.12", "432.36+8xx", "731.12", "711.12", "DPGS43HP.160", "733.02", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "762.14", "732.14", "TGS55", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35509,
"question": "\n\n What is an electronic contact (model 830.E)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Electronic contacts are fitted with non-contact slot sensors. They are especially suitable for oil-filled gauges and should be preferred for low voltages and small DC loads, such as for the signal input for a PLC (programmable logic controller).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35508,
"question": "\n\n What is a sliding contact (model 811)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The sliding contact is a mechanical physical contact for switching loads of up to 10W 18VA.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level"],
"productline": ["Continuous measurement with float", "IN - Continuous measurement"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["FLR-SC", "FLM-CA", "FLM-CM"]
},
"id": 35705,
"question": "\n\n How does a level sensor work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n These level sensors work on the float principle with magnetic transmission. The float's magnetic system actuates a resistance measuring chain that corresponds to a 3-wire potentiometer circuit in the guide tube.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35793,
"question": "\n\n What are the typical applications for the ScrutonWell® design thermowells?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermowells in ScrutonWell® design can be used when, with a thermowell calculation, the dynamic element of the calculation is only passed to a limited extent.<\/p> In contrast to the standard optimisation possibilities (shortening the insertion length/use of a support collar or enlarging the thermowell diameter), which improve the resonance ratio of the thermowell calculation, the ScrutonWell® design reduces the vibration stimulus of the thermowell, through its helical windings, by more than 90% and thus makes the dynamic element of the strength calculation redundant.<\/p> Get more information about ScrutonWell® design thermowells<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Pressure controllers", "Mensor - Air data"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35782,
"question": "\n\n What is an air data test set?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n An air data test set is a an electronic controller which, based on a supply pressure, automatically provides a pressure at a variable and adjustable rate. Who is Mensor and what do they do?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Mensor was founded in 1969 in Houston, Texas, and has been dedicated to the design and manufacture of the finest high-accuracy measurement, calibration and control instruments and test systems for pressure available. In 1978, Mensor relocated to San Marcos, Texas. From the first Mensor quartz manometer produced for the aviation industry in 1970 to the advanced computer-controlled pressure calibration systems of today, Mensor's name has become synonymous with reliability and innovation in the field of precision pressure measurement, control and calibration. How to find the ASL products under WIKA?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n New product designations for the ASL <\/strong>product portfolio<\/strong> The company ASL, a leading manufacturer of AC resistance bridges and high-accuracy hand-held thermometers, has been part of the WIKA Group since January 2013.<\/p> With this acquisition the product range in the field of calibration technology with the measurement parameter temperature offered by WIKA has been extended.<\/p> In order to integrate the products into the WIKA websites, the previous model designations have been changed. Regarding their technical features the products remain unchanged.<\/p> <\/p> Old name<\/p> <\/p> New name<\/p> <\/p> Data sheet<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Primary standard<\/p> AC resistance bridge<\/p> AC secondary resistance bridge<\/p> <\/p> F900<\/p> F18<\/p> F700<\/p> <\/p> CTR9000<\/p> <\/p> CT 60.80<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Precision AC resistance bridge<\/p> <\/p> F650<\/p> <\/p> CTR6500<\/p> <\/p> CT 60.40<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Resistance bridge<\/p> <\/p> F600<\/p> <\/p> CTR6000<\/p> <\/p> CT 60.30<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Precision thermometer<\/p> <\/p> F500<\/p> F252<\/p> <\/p> CTR5000<\/p> <\/p> CT 60.20<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Precision thermometer<\/p> <\/p> F200<\/p> <\/p> CTR2000<\/p> <\/p> CT 60.10<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Hand-held thermometer<\/p> <\/p> F100<\/p> <\/p> CTH7000<\/p> <\/p> CT 55.50<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> Multiplexer<\/p> <\/p> SB148<\/p> SB158<\/p> SB500<\/p> <\/p> CTS9000<\/p> CT 60.80<\/p> Resistance thermometer<\/p> <\/p> T100 ..., 5187SA<\/p> <\/p> CTP5000<\/p> <\/p> CT 61.20<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> AC/DC standard resistors<\/p> <\/p> RW, RR<\/p> <\/p> CER6000<\/p> <\/p> CT 70.30<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> <\/p> <\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.45"]
},
"id": 35895,
"question": "\n\n How can the response time with a diaphragm seal system be influenced?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The response time of a diaphragm seal is influenced by the viscosity of the system fill fluid and the configuration of the capillary.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Load pins", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F53C8", "F1814", "F2229", "TWLMS", "F1145", "F1201", "F1122", "F1861", "F53S8", "F5308", "F6212", "F4221", "FSK01"]
},
"id": 35924,
"question": "\n\n What is a breaking load?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The breaking load is the force of the force transducer above which mechanical destruction is to be expected.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1818", "F2303", "F4802", "F1119", "F6148", "F2229", "F1115", "F1136", "F1145", "F1201", "F1122", "F1861", "F2808", "F2822", "FSK01"]
},
"id": 35923,
"question": "\n\n What is a limit force?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The limit force is the force above which significant changes in the metrological characteristics of the force transducer must be expected.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1106", "F3203", "F1270", "F2304"]
},
"id": 35921,
"question": "\n\n What is a service temperature range?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The service temperature range is the range of ambient temperatures in which the force transducer may be operated, accepting larger error limits, without significant enduring changes in its metrological characteristics being detectable once the force transducer is reused within the rated temperature range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F2221", "F6137", "F2222", "F1227", "F6804", "F2226"]
},
"id": 35917,
"question": "\n\n What is a relative reversibility error (hysteresis)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A relative reversibility error is the difference between the output signals of an increasing and decreasing series at the same force, F, relative to the output signal less the zero signal with increasing force, in the installed condition.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1848", "F1814", "F2802", "F6116", "F4221", "F1103", "F1112"]
},
"id": 35925,
"question": "\n\n What defines the case ingress protection in accordance with DIN EN 60529?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The case ingress protection in accordance with DIN EN 60529 indicates to what extent the force transducer is protected against moisture and dust and also the penetration of foreign bodies.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Load pins", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1848", "F53C8", "F53S8", "F5308", "F3201", "F1270", "F6137", "F1102", "F1101"]
},
"id": 35916,
"question": "\n\n What is a relative linearity deviation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The relative linearity deviation indicates the magnitude of the maximum deviation of the characteristic line of a force transducer from the reference line (BFSL) determined with increasing force, with reference to the end value of the measuring range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1848", "F9205", "F2222", "F3203", "F2226", "F1119", "F1125", "F1821", "B6494", "F6160", "B1940"]
},
"id": 35926,
"question": "\n\n What is a zero signal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The zero signal is the output signal of the unloaded force transducer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DMS-FP", "DMS34", "DMSU21SA", "DMS27"]
},
"id": 142528,
"question": "\n\n Can a diaphragm monitoring system also be repaired through WIKA Service?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Unfortunately, a diaphragm monitoring system cannot be repaired through WIKA Service. The reason for this is to protect the high-quality medium. A precise examination of the two adjacent diaphragms is technically so complex that, from an economic point of view, a repair would not be worthwhile. The diaphragms would have to be checked for microcracks, possible leakage or corrosion attacks using technical equipment.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36061,
"question": "\n\n How can fogging of the window of the pressure gauge be prevented?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When used in low ambient temperatures, condensation can form, which limits the readability of the pressure gauge or can even cause frosting of the window. Through a fill fluid, fogging or frosting of the window is prevented and unimpeded readability is guaranteed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level"],
"productline": ["Glass level gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36062,
"question": "\n\n Where is a level indicator with glass level gauge installed?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The level indicator is installed directly on the tank using flanges.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36066,
"question": "\n\n Are there special regulations or specifications for the scale of a pressure gauge?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n There are special regulations and specifications. The scale must always be exactly 270 angular degrees. In addition, a small black triangle indicates the maximum pressure with a static load.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermometers with switch contacts", "Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["TGS55", "TR36", "TGS73"]
},
"id": 36067,
"question": "\n\n What is meant by the accuracy class of a thermometer?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The accuracy class of a thermometer is the precisely defined error limits for the tolerated deviation within the respective scale range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36069,
"question": "\n\n Are there special regulations or specifications for the scale of a thermometer?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The scale can be between 250 and 290 angular degrees. The measuring range of the respective thermometer is indicated by two black triangles. The accuracy class applies within this range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36070,
"question": "\n\n Which pressure connections are available with electronic pressure measuring instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For electronic pressure measuring instruments, different pressure connections are available. The two most important versions are connections with internal diaphragm and connections with flush diaphragm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36071,
"question": "\n\n How is the structure of an internal diaphragm different from the structure of a flush diaphragm?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the case of the internal diaphragm, the medium finds its way to the sensor diaphragm inside the connection via a pressure port. With a flush diaphragm, the pressure port is sealed flush by a second diaphragm. A transmission fluid inside the sensor transmits the pressure to the internal sensor diaphragm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36072,
"question": "\n\n When are pressure sensors with internal diaphragms or flush connections used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressure sensors with an internal diaphragm are the industry standard for gaseous and liquid media, since they are easy to handle and can be manufactured at low cost. Pressure sensors with flush connections are used when the application requires a residue-free cleaning of the pressure connection.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36073,
"question": "\n\n What are the advantages of a pressure connection with flush diaphragm?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressure connections with flush diaphragm have the advantage that the medium cannot find its way into the interior of the connection. This means that they can also be used with crystalline, viscous, aggressive, abrasive and adhesive media. Since the flush diaphragm can be made of special materials, the sensor can be protected against possible damage.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36075,
"question": "\n\n How does a span error affect the accuracy of a pressure sensor?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The span error changes the measuring result since it changes the slope of the characteristic curve. At the beginning of the scale, this error is of minor importance, but it adds up and from a certain size it is noticeably significant.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36076,
"question": "\n\n How does non-linearity affect the accuracy of a pressure sensor?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The non-linearity changes the measuring result to the extent that the characteristic curve no longer represents a straight line, but rather a curve.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 36080,
"question": "\n\n What are the consequences if instruments are not regularly calibrated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Every measuring instrument is subject to ageing as a result of mechanical, chemical or thermal stress. As a result, over time, it provides changing measured values. If the instrument has become inaccurate, this can lead to disruptions in the process or even trigger safety risks. Through calibration, this can be detected in good time.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36085,
"question": "\n\n When does it make sense to use a diaphragm pressure gauge?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm pressure gauges are used when Bourdon tube pressure gauges reach their limits. They can be used at particularly low pressures and with critical media. In addition, they feature high overload safety.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36086,
"question": "\n\n What are the smallest measuring ranges for Bourdon tube and diaphragm pressure gauges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With Bourdon tube pressure gauges, the smallest measuring range is 600 millibars. In contrast, diaphragm pressure gauges have a large diaphragm surface, which is why measuring ranges are possible as low as 16 millibars.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Submersible pressure sensors"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36089,
"question": "\n\n How is the filling level measured using the level probe?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The sensor element of the level probe measures the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column above it. The rule of thumb is that 1 m water column corresponds to approx. 100 mbar.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure switches"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PCS", "APW", "PSM-700", "DA10", "DW10", "MW", "DE", "APA", "PXA", "DC", "BA", "PCA", "DA", "APW10", "BAX", "APA10", "MA", "DEC", "PXS", "DW", "BWX", "DCC"]
},
"id": 73728,
"question": "\n\n What are the most important selection criteria for pressure switches?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The most important criteria for choosing the right pressure switch are:<\/p> What is the repeatability with mechanical pressure or temperature switches? <\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The repeatability is one of the most important performance characteristics for pressure or temperature switches. It describes the maximum deviation between the switch points when repeatedly approaching the same pressure or temperature value. This value indicates how reliably the pressure switch will always switch the same value.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DMSU21SA"]
},
"id": 45235,
"question": "\n\n Why is there no USP CLass VI approval for KN 92?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The USP Class VI approval applies to plastics used in medical engineering and pharmaceutical industries. These are subdivided into six classes of biocompatibility. As KN 92 is not a polymer, it cannot be confirmed with this approval. A 2.2 test report can be enclosed with the instrument as confirmation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure switches", "Temperature switches"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PCS", "APW", "DA10", "DW10", "MW", "DE", "APA", "DC", "BA", "PCA", "DA", "APW10", "BAX", "APA10", "DEC", "DW", "BWX", "DCC"]
},
"id": 73729,
"question": "\n\n Which switch does one need for use in safety systems?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For use in safety systems, one needs a pressure or temperature switch with an SIL approval.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure switches", "Temperature switches"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PCS", "APW", "PSM-700", "DA10", "DW10", "MW", "DE", "APA", "PXA", "DC", "BA", "PCA", "DA", "APW10", "BAX", "APA10", "MA", "DEC", "PXS", "DW", "BWX", "DCC"]
},
"id": 73600,
"question": "\n\n What does one understand by the accuracy of mechanical pressure or temperature switches?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With the accuracy, one refers to the deviation between the set point and the actual value of the switch point. The “accuracy” is only used very rarely with mechanical pressure or temperature switches, because the set point is often set by the customer themselves.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Temperature switches"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 73536,
"question": "\n\n What mounting types are available with temperature switches? <\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature switches can be fitted with either a direct mounting or a remote capillary. <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure switches", "Temperature switches"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PCS", "APW", "PSM-700", "DA10", "DW10", "MW", "DE", "APA", "PXA", "DC", "BA", "PCA", "DA", "APW10", "BAX", "APA10", "MA", "DEC", "PXS", "DW", "BWX", "DCC"]
},
"id": 73792,
"question": "\n\n What do the terms hysteresis/switch differential/dead band mean with pressure or temperature switches? <\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The three terms refer to the difference between the switch point and the reset point. At the switch point, the switch changes the connected circuit through its activation. At the reset point, the original status is restored. It is basically essential.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 35929,
"question": "\n\n Must people who work with SF6<\/sub> gas be trained?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Personnel in the EU need special training for handling SF6<\/sub> gas. WIKA provides training to enable those affected to act responsibly in their work with strong greenhouse gases and to avoid emissions due to incorrect gas handling.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35930,
"question": "\n\n Why must the quality of SF6<\/sub> gas be analysed?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The quality of the SF6<\/sub> gas must be analysed, since it can lead to chemical reactions in the gas when used in gas-insulated switchgear, due to the high energy occurring there. An analysis of the SF6<\/sub> gas quality is always recommended and should be an integral part of the maintenance strategy, especially before any gas handling.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35931,
"question": "\n\n What influence do chemical reactions have on SF6<\/sub> gas?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Chemical reactions in the SF6<\/sub> gas can lead to aggressive and highly corrosive decomposition products, which can have a negative impact on plant safety. This can lead to partial or complete failures of the switchgear.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10"]
},
"id": 35932,
"question": "\n\n Can SF6<\/sub> gas be disposed of without problem?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The SF6<\/sub> gases cannot be easily disposed of, since they can have aggressive, toxic and corrosive properties. Here, specific regulations for the removal of dangerous goods must be observed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35933,
"question": "\n\n What happens if contaminated SF6<\/sub> gas is measured?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If contaminated SF6<\/sub> gas has been measured, depending on the degree of contamination, the gas may be reused or it must be disposed of accordingly.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density sensors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35934,
"question": "\n\n Can a gas density sensor be damaged if connected incorrectly?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Interchanging the +/- connections cannot damage the instrument, since the connection pins for the voltage supply are protected against reverse polarity.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment", "Analytic instruments"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 35935,
"question": "\n\n What are gas handling instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gas handling instruments can, to a certain degree, filter particles and moisture out of the gas. If the gas returns to specification after the drying and filtering process, the gas can be returned to the system. Otherwise, the gas compartment must be emptied and refilled with new, pure SF6<\/sub> gas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GLTC20 HV", "GLTC20 MV", "GLTC10", "GLTC10 valves"]
},
"id": 35936,
"question": "\n\n What does “self-closing” mean with SF6<\/sub> gas valves?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n “Self-closing” SF6<\/sub> gas valves are fitted with a spring mechanism. In normal operation, the spring ensures that the valve seals securely. In the event of maintenance, the valve and the coupling are connected to each other, and in doing so, a force is applied against the spring action. This opens the mechanism on the valve and coupling side and the gas can be moved.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density monitors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GDM-100", "GDM 233.52.100"]
},
"id": 35937,
"question": "\n\n After unpacking the gas density monitor, the pointer is not in zero position - is the instrument defective?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The instrument is probably not defective. The temperature compensation also works without a gas compartment being connected. Through this the pointer changes its position to compensate for the influence of the temperature on the indication. At temperatures above 20 °C, a shift in the negative direction can be seen. At temperatures below 20 °C, a movement takes place in the positive direction.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density monitors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GDM-100", "GDM 233.52.100"]
},
"id": 35938,
"question": "\n\n Are there gas density monitors with adjustable contacts?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gas density monitors usually do not have adjustable contacts. The contacts of the gas density monitors are fixed by a weld after they have been set. This prevents any dangerous operating condition from being caused through unintentional or incorrect adjustment. In addition, the contacts are protected against any mechanical shocks generating adjustments (e.g.: switching of a circuit breaker).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density monitors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GDM-100", "GDM 233.52.100"]
},
"id": 35939,
"question": "\n\n What is the display accuracy of the gas density monitor?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The gas density monitor has a class accuracy of +/- 1 % at 20 °C. At -20 °C and +60 °C, the tolerance is 2.5 %. The accuracy between these temperatures can be interpolated linearly.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Analytic instruments"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35940,
"question": "\n\n How does a gas analysis work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The gas analysis instrument is connected to the gas compartment using special connecting hoses and the measurement is started. The instrument then removes a small amount of gas and allows it to flow through the sensors into the internal tank. After a short time, the first values appear on the display. When the measurement is complete, the gas can be returned or pumped to another reservoir. The closed circuit avoids the escape of the SF6<\/sub> greenhouse gas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Analytic instruments"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35941,
"question": "\n\n How long does a gas analysis measurement take?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n On average, the measuring time is 7.5 minutes. After about two minutes, the first measurement results are shown on the display. The measuring time of the gas analysis can be reduced by the user. If the values are already outside the limits, the measurement can be stopped at any time.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density sensors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35942,
"question": "\n\n Why would the gas density sensor not provide plausible values, even after two days?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If the gas density sensor does not provide plausible readings, even after two days, it is recommended that you check the installation. The sensor should be installed as close to the gas compartment as possible and should be in contact with the gas over a large area. Installations, for example, at the end of pipelines often lead to problems in the humidity measurement.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density sensors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35943,
"question": "\n\n Why might the humidity measurement in a gas density sensor not show plausible values?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measuring sensor settles, after commissioning, to the correct measured value. Depending on the initial conditions, this can take up to two days.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Analytic instruments"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35944,
"question": "\n\n What should be considered when reducing the measuring time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When the measuring time is reduced, the factory settings are also changed at the same time. Depending on the selected configuration of your model, this may result in the particularly sensitive sensors measuring outside the specifications given in the data sheet.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density sensors"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35945,
"question": "\n\n Can a gas density sensor be damaged if connected to too-high a voltage?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Inadvertent connection of the voltage supply lines to the communication pins of the instrument can cause damage, since the connection pins for the communication have not been designed for high voltages.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35946,
"question": "\n\n What are primary flow elements?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Primary flow elements are built into piping systems and generate a defined differential pressure through a partial restriction in cross-section within the flow meter. The square root of this differential pressure is proportional to the flow rate.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35947,
"question": "\n\n How can the differential pressure be measured with a primary flow element?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In order to measure the differential pressure, a combination of primary flow element and differential pressure transmitter is needed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35948,
"question": "\n\n What is the flow coefficient Cv<\/sub>?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The flow coefficient Cv<\/sub> determines the ratio between the actual flow rate and the theoretically possible flow rate. Different primary flow elements that have the same geometrical form, under the same flow conditions and with equivalent Reynolds number, have the same flow coefficient.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35949,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between differential pressure Δp and permanent pressure loss?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The differential pressure Δp is the differential pressure measured across the restriction, which is converted to a flow rate by a differential pressure transmitter (pressure drop inside the meter section). The difference between the upstream pressure and the recovered downstream pressure is the permanent pressure loss. Behind the restriction, the pressure is lower than the original upstream pressure in front of the restriction. Permanent pressure loss must be taken into consideration as it makes the pump, compressor or boiler work harder for generating the same flow in the system, i.e. higher energy consumption.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35950,
"question": "\n\n Where can the discharge coefficients Cv<\/sub> be obtained?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The discharge coefficients Cv<\/sub> can be obtained from the standard (ISO 5167) for nozzles, Venturi tubes and orifice plates that are manufactured to the specified tolerances of the standard.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35951,
"question": "\n\n What is the beta ratio (β)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The beta ratio (β) defines how strongly the pipe cross-section is restricted. The beta ratio should thus be considered as a factor. A beta ratio of 0.75 corresponds to a restriction of 75 % of the pipe cross-section.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35952,
"question": "\n\n Is a calibration required with a primary flow element?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With primary flow elements that have been manufactured to the defined tolerances no calibration is required. A calibration is generally required for applications where a higher measurement accuracy is required, e.g. for custody transfer or performance test applications.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35953,
"question": "\n\n What is the advantage of the compact orifice plate over a measuring flange?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The compact orifice plate integrates the primary flow element and the pressure tappings into a single assembly. In contrast to a measuring flange; fittings, tubing, valves, adapters and brackets can be dispensed with. It can be mounted between standard line flanges.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35954,
"question": "\n\n What is cavitation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Cavitation is the generation of vapour bubbles. Vapour bubbles implode after a short time and can generate high pressures with this.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35955,
"question": "\n\n How does cavitation occur?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Cavitation occurs with high flow velocities or when an object moves through a flow with high velocity. It can also occur if the local pressure declines to some point below the vapour pressure of the liquid and subsequently rises above it.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35956,
"question": "\n\n Can multi-bore restriction orifices overcome cavitation when high pressure drops are required?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Multi-bore restriction orifices do not solve cavitation problems. However, multi-step type restriction orifices can provide a remedy here.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35957,
"question": "\n\n Which are the recommended upstream/downstream straight lengths for orifice plates and Venturi tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The upstream and downstream straight lengths depend on many factors, such as the piping system and the beta ratio, for which reason no blanket statement can be made on this. If you have any questions on your specific application, you are welcome to contact us.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35958,
"question": "\n\n What are restriction orifices for and when are they used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Restriction orifices are used to achieve a controlled or restricted flow. They prevent a too high loading of the primary flow element, and also prevent the possibility of cavitation. Restriction orifices can also be used for controlling the pressurisation in the commissioning of a process plant.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35959,
"question": "\n\n What are the advantages of pitot tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pitot tubes are simple to use and install. They operate trouble-free with a constant performance and have practically no pressure drop. With pitot tubes, a cost effective measurement and energy saving is possible. They can be used either as a permanently fitted flow sensor or as a portable monitoring instrument.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35960,
"question": "\n\n What are the advantages of the FlowPak and ProPak systems over other primary flow elements?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The advantages of the FlowPak and ProPak systems are that no upstream or downstream pipes are required, whatever the flow profile. Fitting is flexible and suitable for applications with limited mounting space. The pressure loss is reduced to a minimum, therefore achieving the highest energy efficiency of all flow meters.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Flow"],
"productline": ["Primary flow elements"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35961,
"question": "\n\n What is the sonic condition?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The sonic condition is when a gas flows through an orifice and its pressure drops, a critical pressure value exists for which flow rate reaches the speed of sound in that gas. This happens when Pout/ Pin ratio is approx. 0.5. At sonic condition, flow rate and pout remain constant.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10"]
},
"id": 35997,
"question": "\n\n What is a portable SF6<\/sub> gas transfer unit used for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A portable SF6<\/sub> gas transfer unit is used for the transfer and liquefaction of SF6<\/sub> gas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 35998,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between a vacuum pump and vacuum compressor?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A vacuum pump is used to evacuate a gas compartment from air. In contrast, a vacuum compressor in the SF6<\/sub> recovery process ensures an initial pressure of greater than 1 bar at the SF6<\/sub> compressor and thus enables a residual pressure in the gas tank of down to 1 mbar.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment", "Detection instruments"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-S-2000", "GPD-1000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 35999,
"question": "\n\n Why must special equipment be used for SF6<\/sub> gas?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n SF6<\/sub> gas is a climate-damaging greenhouse gas. 1 kg of SF6<\/sub> gas corresponds to approx. 23 tonnes of CO2<\/sub>. For this reason, leakage into the atmosphere must be avoided and the use of special equipment is mandatory. Due to the design and the special self-closing valves installed in WIKA SF6<\/sub> handling equipment, gas loss can be reduced to a minimum.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 36000,
"question": "\n\n What can be filled with a portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Due to the maximum output pressure of 50 bar abs., you can use the portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit both for filling gas cylinders and other vessels. At this pressure, the SF6<\/sub> gas has already passed into the liquid phase, thus enabling space-saving storage. With the help of the second outlet, which contains a pressure reducer, a controllable filling of up to 16 bar abs. is possible. This is mainly used when filling switchgear or other equipment.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10"]
},
"id": 36001,
"question": "\n\n Is evacuation of plants and vessels possible with a portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For complete evacuation of plant and vessels, a second unit, a vacuum compressor for SF6<\/sub>, is required, since, on the input side, a portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit only allows a final pressure of slightly less than 1 bar abs..<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36002,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between “oil-free” and “oil-less”?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With oil-free, the compressor still contains small amounts of lubricant that could come into the circuit under various circumstances. “Oil-less” refers to compressors that work completely without lubricant.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36003,
"question": "\n\n Why are “oil-less” compressors recommended?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n “Oil-less” compressors are recommended to prevent lubricant particles etc. from entering the SF6<\/sub> circuit, which in some applications, even in small amounts, can cause technical problems. All WIKA gas handling equipment uses only “oil-less” compressors.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": []
},
"id": 36004,
"question": "\n\n What should one watch out for when connecting a portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In order to connect a portable SF6<\/sub> transfer unit, connection hoses suitable for SF6<\/sub> are recommended. Care should be taken that they are fitted with self-closing valves and are already filled with SF6<\/sub> gas or fully evacuated before the first application. Otherwise, air, humidity, etc. can enter the circuit and the equipment to be filled.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36008,
"question": "\n\n Is it possible to dispense with a pre-filter when recovering SF6<\/sub> gas with handling equipment?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Although two filter systems are installed in the WIKA handling equipment (particle filter and SF6<\/sub> filter), in the event of heavily contaminated SF6<\/sub>, a pre-filter (e. g. GPF-10) should be used to protect the system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36009,
"question": "\n\n Why cannot the SF6<\/sub> compressor capacity be used directly to compare process velocities?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Although the capacity of the SF6<\/sub> compressor can be an indication of the process velocity, other factors such as can also be very crucial.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Tubeskin thermocouples"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36010,
"question": "\n\n What is a tubeskin thermocouple?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Tubeskin thermocouples are used for measuring the temperature of tubes in heaters or furnaces. The thermocouple measures the skin temperature of the tube itself.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Tubeskin thermocouples"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36011,
"question": "\n\n Why would I use a tubeskin thermocouple?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature measurement in heaters or furnaces is extremely important and the tubeskin thermocouple is one of the best ways to determine if the temperature is in the right range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Tubeskin thermocouples"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36012,
"question": "\n\n In order to replace an XTRACTO-PAD®<\/sup> (model TC59-X) assembly do I need to buy all the accessories?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. The tube clips, guide tube with weld-pad and the heat shield will be reused. Only the sensor element needs to be replaced. No welding is required.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Tubeskin thermocouples"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36013,
"question": "\n\n Do I need expansion loops?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If you anchor a tubeskin thermocouple outside the furnace (fixed exit) and have any furnace tube movement you will need expansion loops. There are various expansion loops used such as S-loop, multiple coil, single coil and spiral loop.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Multipoint thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36014,
"question": "\n\n Does the FLEX-R®<\/sup> (model TC96-R) include a secondary seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Yes, FLEX-R®<\/sup> assemblies can have a primary seal weld and a secondary seal weld from the thermocouple to the flange assembly at the face of the flange, not on a single disk, and again after the secondary containment chamber.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Multipoint thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36015,
"question": "\n\n What is a secondary containment chamber?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The secondary containment chamber is a sealed chamber (neck tube) between the primary seal weld and secondary seal weld that contains an instrument connection. In the event of a primary weld failure, the secondary containment chamber would pressure up to operating pressure. An instrument valve and pressure gauge can be attached to the connection to provide indication of a pressure build-up. The connection also allows to internally pressure test the primary and secondary seal welds.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Multipoint thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36016,
"question": "\n\n Is welding to the reactor needed in order to retrofit a FLEX-R®<\/sup>?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, the FLEX-R®<\/sup> was developed to easily retrofit to existing reactors. The technology can be retrofitted, using proper supports, with attachment to non-pressure retaining elements of the reactor internals.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Multipoint thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36017,
"question": "\n\n Can the FLEX-R®<\/sup> be installed in the reactor in the horizontal position?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Yes, the FLEX-R®<\/sup> can be installed in any position. However, care should be taken to ensure the internal structures are tightly secured in their proper position.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 36018,
"question": "\n\n What design verification is provided with the FLEX-R®<\/sup> flange assembly?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n ASME code calculations are performed to determine the suitability and sizing of the primary connection, the secondary connection, and the secondary containment chamber. All welds are liquid dye penetrant tested (LPI). The assembly receives an internal and external pressure test. Material Test Reports (MTR’s) and Positive Material Identification (PMI) can be provided with all process wetted material. WIKA is approved to build its products per code requirements and can administer a code “U” or code “R” stamp.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Multipoint thermometers", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["TR10-0"]
},
"id": 36019,
"question": "\n\n Does WIKA offer installation assistance?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Yes, we offer full service installation when there is a critical need to meet a fast schedule for installation. We can supply the personnel necessary to route, position, test and commission our assemblies. Alternatively, WIKA can also supply supervisory personnel for the installation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GAD-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36005,
"question": "\n\n Which service tasks can be performed with handling equipment?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The gas handling equipment is an SF6<\/sub> handling unit, which can be used to recover and fill SF6<\/sub> gas compartments as well as to filter the extracted gas. Commissioning of SF6 gas cylinders is also no problem with the gas handling equipment.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10"]
},
"id": 35927,
"question": "\n\n What is SF6<\/sub>?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n SF6<\/sub> is the molecular formula for sulphur hexafluoride. SF6<\/sub> is a chemical compound of the elements sulphur and fluorine which, under normal conditions, is non-toxic, odourless and colourless.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": ["Power transmission and distribution (SF6<\/sub>)"],
"type": ["GPU-10", "GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 35928,
"question": "\n\n Is the handling of SF6<\/sub> gas dangerous?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Contact with pure SF6<\/sub> gas is not harmful to health. However, SF6<\/sub> gas is a greenhouse gas and therefore emissions must be avoided at all costs.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Water and wastewater", "Food and beverages"],
"type": ["DSS18T", "DMSU21SA"]
},
"id": 35852,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal is an additional component which protects a pressure measuring instrument or process transmitter. It transfers the medium to the measuring instrument without it coming into contact with the measuring instrument.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35853,
"question": "\n\n When should a diaphragm seal be applied?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals are used for pressure measurement when the proces medium doesn't come in contact with the pressure of the measuring instrument or when adjustment to the harsh conditions of a process is required.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.60", "990.34", "990.24", "990.22", "990.52", "990.30", "990.20", "990.50", "990.40", "990.29", "990.19", "990.27", "990.17", "990.45", "990.35", "990.21", "981.51", "990.41", "990.53", "990.31", "990.51", "990.18", "990.28", "990.36", "990.26"]
},
"id": 35855,
"question": "\n\n With which instruments can a diaphragm seal be combined?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal can be combined with almost all pressure gauges, process transmitters, pressure switches or pressure sensors.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.34", "990.31", "990.36", "990.40"]
},
"id": 35856,
"question": "\n\n What are the mounting options for a diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal can be mounted via a direct connection, a cooling element or a capillary.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": ["Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35858,
"question": "\n\n How flexibly can a diaphragm seal be assembled?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The optimal diaphragm seal designs, materials, filling media and accessories are available for each application. Certificates can be supplied depending on the requirement.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DMSU21SA"]
},
"id": 35859,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm seal characteristic curve?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The diaphragm seal characteristic curve shows a graphical representation of the elasticity of the diaphragm. In this representation, the volume change is related to the pressure change and illustrated.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": ["Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["990.16", "990.48"]
},
"id": 35860,
"question": "\n\n When are flange connections used with diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The combinations of diaphragm seals with flange connections can be used for processes with extreme temperatures and with aggressive, adhesive, corrosive, highly viscous, environmentally hazardous or toxic media. With its connection dimensions, the flange-type diaphragm seal is suitable for all currently used standard flanges and is mounted in lieu of a blind flange.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.29", "990.27", "990.28", "990.26", "990.45", "990.35", "990.41"]
},
"id": 35861,
"question": "\n\n How are the diaphragm seals connected?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The diaphragm seals are available with female or male thread in their basic design. Due to the wide variety of available process connections they can be mounted to many different connections without any problems. Generally these connections are T-pieces which are integrated into a pipeline or welded to a pipeline by means of a welding socket.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Calibration"],
"productline": ["Process transmitters", "Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages"],
"type": ["CPT-21", "DMSU21SA", "DSS18T", "DSS25TC", "CPT-20"]
},
"id": 35862,
"question": "\n\n When are sterile connections used with diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The combination of diaphragm seals with pressure measuring instruments in hygienic design can be used for processes with gases, compressed air or vapour and also with liquid, paste-like, powdery and hot media. The diaphragm seals resist the temperatures that occur and meet the requirements for sterile connections. Why are there different materials or coatings with diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Various materials or coatings are available for diaphragm seals to allow accurate measurement of difficult media (aggressive, corrosive, abrasive, highly viscous, heterogeneous, toxic, hot or aseptic). Suitable materials or coatings are available for almost all processes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.60", "990.24", "990.21", "981.51", "990.22", "990.30", "990.52", "990.20", "990.53", "990.50", "990.51", "990.18", "990.19", "990.17"]
},
"id": 35864,
"question": "\n\n Why are there different system fill fluids with diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In selecting the system fill fluid for diaphragm seals, factors such as compatibility (physiologically harmless) and also temperature and pressure conditions at the measurement location are of crucial importance. Depending on the system fill fluid, the appropriate minimum and maximum operating temperature range must be observed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35866,
"question": "\n\n How does a diaphragm seal system with capillary behave with height differences?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A height difference between the pressure measuring instrument and the diaphragm seal affects the measurement. This is due to the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column in the capillary. The display is reduced when the pressure measuring instrument is positioned higher than the diaphragm seal. It is increased when the pressure measuring instrument is positioned lower. With the design of the entire system at the factory (diaphragm seal and measuring instrument at the same height), this height difference must be known and taken into account accordingly.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DSS22P"]
},
"id": 35893,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm seal with an extended diaphragm and when are these used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal with extended diaphragm is used for thick and/or insulated product pipelines or vessel walls. The cell-type design is a sub-category, which is used with a blind flange at the tapping flange. Special designs can be manufactured to customer's specific requests.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35894,
"question": "\n\n What influence does the volume have on a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When connecting a diaphragm seal to a pressure measuring instrument, the diaphragm seal must deliver a working volume that is at least equal to the control volume of the pressure measuring instrument. Under real operating conditions, it must be considered that, through temperature and compressibility, the system fill fluid can change its volume.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35896,
"question": "\n\n What influence does temperature have on a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperatures in real operating conditions (process and ambient temperature) lead to volume changes in the system fill fluid. This, in turn, causes a pressure change in the closed system and thus display deviations.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35897,
"question": "\n\n What is the response time with diaphragm seal systems?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The response time of the diaphragm seal system is the defined delay time which elapses until the pointer of the pressure measuring instrument indicates 9/10 of the value of a sudden change in pressure. It is dependent on the volume displacement in the entire system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": ["Water and wastewater"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35898,
"question": "\n\n When are threaded connections used with diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The combinations of diaphragm seals with threaded connection can be used for processes with extreme temperatures and with aggressive, adhesive, corrosive, environmentally hazardous or toxic media.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35908,
"question": "\n\n What are the advantages of an in-line diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With in-line diaphragm seals, with their perfectly circular cylindrical form, the medium flows through unhindered and effects the self-cleaning of the measuring chamber. Different nominal widths allow the in-line diaphragm seals to be adapted to any pipeline cross-section.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.60", "990.24", "990.21", "981.51", "990.22", "990.30", "990.52", "990.20", "990.53", "990.50", "990.51", "990.18", "990.19", "990.17"]
},
"id": 35909,
"question": "\n\n What are the characteristics of an in-line diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The in-line diaphragm seal is perfectly suited for use with flowing media. With the seal being completely integrated into the process line, measurements do not cause any turbulence, corners, dead spaces or other obstructions in the flow direction.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F9205", "F93C4", "F9304", "F1811", "F2812", "F1226", "F1135", "F1101", "F6171"]
},
"id": 35913,
"question": "\n\n What is a nominal measuring path?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The nominal measuring path is the spring travel of the outer force application points, or the surfaces of the force transducer, in the measuring direction relative to each other and due to a load with nominal force.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1112", "F2822", "F6212"]
},
"id": 35914,
"question": "\n\n How does a temperature change of 10 K affect the characteristic value?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A change in the ambient temperature, Ti, by 10 K within a defined temperature range, after setting stationary, gradient-free conditions, causes a relative change in the characteristic value of the force transducer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Load pins", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F53C8", "F2303", "F4802", "F1226", "F6116", "F1136", "B6494", "F1135", "F2808", "F53S8", "F5308", "F3201", "F2812", "F6171", "FSK01", "B1940"]
},
"id": 35915,
"question": "\n\n What is a nominal force?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The nominal force is the largest force for which the force transducer is nominally designed and up to which the metrological specifications of the manufacturer are complied with. This is also referred to as the so-called “full scale value (FS)”.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F2221", "F1103", "F1201", "F2802"]
},
"id": 35918,
"question": "\n\n How is a hysteresis determined?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n To determine the hysteresis, the load cycle up to the nominal force must be recorded. The maximum hysteresis, vmax<\/sub>, and the force measuring range used must be specified.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F1227", "F1115", "F1818", "F4818", "TWLMS"]
},
"id": 35919,
"question": "\n\n What is a nominal characteristic value?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The nominal characteristic value is the output signal of the force transducer at nominal load in mV/V (with non-amplified measuring bridge) or in mA or in V (with integrated or mounted measuring amplifier, e.g. 20 mA or 10 V).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Load cells", "Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers", "Special force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F2221", "F93C4", "F9304", "F1811", "F2304", "F6148", "F1106", "F4818"]
},
"id": 35920,
"question": "\n\n What is a rated temperature range?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The rated temperature range is the ambient temperature range in which the force transducer complies with the error limits of the temperature-dependent specifications.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Force"],
"productline": ["Compression force transducers", "Tension/compression force transducers", "Ring force transducers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["F3203", "F6804", "F1270", "F2304", "F1106", "F1125", "F1821", "B6494", "F1102", "F6160"]
},
"id": 35922,
"question": "\n\n What is a storage temperature range?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The storage temperature range is the range in the ambient temperature in which the force transducer may be stored mechanically and electrically unloaded, without any significant changes in its metrological characteristics being detectable once the force transducer is reused within the rated temperature range.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Industrial Gases"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35738,
"question": "\n\n How low is the temperature of the medium which is stored inside the cryogenic vessel when it reaches the pressure gauge?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A Cryo gas is a gas which is gaseous at ambient temperature and pressure and becomes liquid because of cooling and compression. Due to cooling and compression the volume of the gas can be reduced and thus it’s possible to store a huge quantity inside a vessel. <\/p> Ambient pressure <\/p> 20 bar<\/p> <\/p> nitrogen<\/p> -196°C<\/p> -157°C<\/p> <\/p> oxygen<\/p> -183°C<\/p> -140°C<\/p> <\/p> argon<\/p> -186°C<\/p> -143°C<\/p> <\/p> carbon dioxide<\/p> Not liquid<\/p> -19°C<\/p> <\/p> liquefied natural gas <\/p> -162°C<\/p> -107°C<\/p> <\/p> nitrous oxide<\/p> -88°C<\/p> -16°C<\/p> <\/p> <\/p> <\/p> What do different abbreviations like RTD, PRT, SPRT… mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) – a temperature sensor whose resistance changes with temperature What is a SMART probe?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The "SMART probe" is a precision RTD sensor with an electronic memory in its coupler connector. This memory chip stores the coefficients of the calibrated sensor and a complete history of the probe. This history includes the maximum and minimum value that the sensor has been exposed to and also the calibration dates.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35742,
"question": "\n\n For which electrical measurement parameters have the calibration laboratories been accredited?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n DC current: 0 mA … 100 mA Do gas-actuated thermometers fall within the Pressure Equipment Directive and may an appropriate CE marking be applied?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n <\/p> Gas-actuated thermometers fall within the scope of the 2014/68/EU directive (previously PED 97/23/EC), without additional adapted thermowell as “pressure accessories” and also in the non-fitted state or fitted within a thermowell as “pressure vessels”. The classification is based on Article 4, Paragraph 3 of the applicable 2014/68/EU directive (Design, manufacturing and testing carried out in accordance with sound engineering practise). The products should not be marked with CE or their conformity confirmed in respect of the above-mentioned directive. A manufacturer's declaration can be requested if required.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35748,
"question": "\n\n How is a calibration interval determined?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n To ensure that correct measurements can be carried out permanently, the inspection equipment used must be monitored or calibrated at regular intervals. This period of time corresponds to the calibration interval. The user of a calibration item has sole responsibility for defining the exact calibration interval. There are, however, many different factors that effect the determination of the calibration interval. They include, for example, the required measurement uncertainties, defintion of standards and directives, operating conditions of the inspection equipment, frequency of use, subsequent costs caused by measurements using a defective instrument and the manufacturer's recommendation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes", "Resistance thermometers", "Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TW10", "TC10-0"]
},
"id": 35798,
"question": "\n\n Are there different ScrutonWell® designs for gaseous and liquid media required?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, the design of the ScrutonWell® can be used in gaseous and liquid media. The WIKA -ScrutonWell® design is based on the ASME paper “Helical strakes in suppressing vortex-induced vibrations” (ASME report 11/2011 vol. 113.). The tests for this report were performed in a water channel. The same design rules are also in use to design helical strakes in air, for example on industrial chimneys in accordance with DIN EN 1993-3-2. Is there a possibility to run a wake frequency calculation for a ScrutonWell® design as a scientific evidence that this is a viable solution?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The design of the ScrutonWell® strakes to suppress VIV (vortex-induced vibration) is used in many technical applications such as: Is an initial verification possible for mechanical thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since 01 January 2015, the new Measurement and Verification Act has been in force. This no longer permits any initial verification for dial thermometers. If an initial verification is required to place the measuring instrument on the market for the first time, this requirement will be met through a conformity assessment procedure. The conformity assessment of a measuring instrument basically replaces the former initial verification.<\/p> In place of the appropriate office of weights and measures, a conformity assessment body, selected by the manufacturer, (which can still be an office of weights and measures) confirms the conformity of a measuring instrument with the valid legal requirements through issuing a certificate of conformity. On the basis of this, the manufacturer of the measuring instrument prepares a written declaration of conformity for the measuring instrument. Once the validity expires - provided the conditions are met - as is normal, a (re)verification is required so that the measuring instrument can once more be used in commercial and/or official operation.<\/p> Both the conformity certificate and also the verification certificate carry the same weight - in accordance with the guidelines of the New Approach 2004/22/EC and 2009/23/EC and also in accordance with the Measurement and Verification Act (MessEG) in conjunction with the Measurement and Verification Ordinance (MessEV) supported by it.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "75", "74", "A46", "TGS55"]
},
"id": 35802,
"question": "\n\n Can mechanical dial thermometers with a CE marking be placed on the market?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With CE marking, the manufacturer, the company or person placing the product on the market or the EU authorised representative declares that the product complies with all relevant European guidelines. For which pressure ranges has the mobile calibration service been accredited?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n On-site calibration: Calibration vans: What are the benefits of level sensors?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n What are the benefits of high-precision level measurement?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In which areas can transparent sight glass level indicators be used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n They are the most suitable gauges for steam application above 35 bar, where mica shields have to be used to protect the sight glasses from corrosion by the steam boiler water. They can also be utilised in a great number of other applications,in particular for observing interface layers or liquid colour. A backlight illuminator can be fitted to the rear to improve visibility. What are the benefits of sight glasses in level measurement?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Why is the bending on temperature rises not linear over the entire temperature range?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the specific thermal expansion coefficient of the bimetallic components is temperature dependent.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology"],
"type": ["A46", "A48"]
},
"id": 35616,
"question": "\n\n How can one prevent the zero position of the thermometer which has already been set during the manufacturing process, from altering (drifting) in later use?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Such a drift can be anticipated through suitable heat treatment (ageing). The finished bimetallic springs, ready for installation, should be held at a temperature of 350°C to 400°C (if required, higher temperatures are also possible), but stabilised below their application limit and subsequently slowly cooled.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology"],
"type": ["55", "A46", "A48"]
},
"id": 35617,
"question": "\n\n What mechanical influences, other than the actuation of switch contacts, can cause measuring errors in bimetal thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In helical bimetal spring designs, a stroke movement of the pointer may occur, which may lead to the pointer touching on the dial or the window. With the assistance of modern design and manufacturing techniques, such errors are avoided nowadays.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A48", "TW10", "TG53", "A46"]
},
"id": 35627,
"question": "\n\n How high is the permissible pressure loading for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the Appendix to DIN 43772 are loading diagrams, from which, depending on temperature and medium, can be taken, the maximum allowable pressure load for the different geometries. If the conduit geometry does not correspond to DIN 43772, individual calculations can be performed in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 or Dittrich / Klotter, which as static results include the max. pressure loading.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35654,
"question": "\n\n Which models from the current DIN 43772 correspond to the old DIN 16179 and DIN 43763?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n DIN 16179 What is the maximum pressure that the WIKA DAkkS laboratory is certified up to?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n 10,000 bar<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35661,
"question": "\n\n What is the minimum number of calibration points in a calibration report (DKD/DAkkS certificate) for pressure?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n for pressure measuring instruments with an accuracy class of <= 0.6 % min. 9 points What is the German physical and technical test institute (PTB)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PTB, Braunschweig and Berlin, is the metrological state institute and Germany's highest technical body for metrology. It stores and develops the national standards for implementing the SI units and ensures their comparability on an international level by cooperation with other state institutes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35673,
"question": "\n\n What is the German Calibration Service (DKD)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with the Units and Time Act (EinheitZeitG), the PTB is responsible for ensuring the uniformity of measurement. This includes, in particular, the propagation of the units of measure within the meaning of measurement technology traceability. For the propagation of the units, the PTB primarily operates accredited laboratories. To promote uniformity in metrology, and with the aim of an extended professional support, on the 3rd May, 2011, a committee was established with the PTB for the development of measurement technology bases for calibration, in which the PTB and accredited calibration laboratories cooperate closely.<\/p> This body has the title “Deutscher Kalibrierdienst (DKD)” - German Calibration Service - and is under the direction of the PTB.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35674,
"question": "\n\n How do you recognise an accredited body?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n All bodies accredited by the DAkkS can prove their status by an accreditation certificate. In sovereign territory, the certificate is provided with the federal eagle. Moreover, the bodies can signal their accredited status by using the DAkkS accreditation symbols on test reports and certificates and thus document the high quality of their evaluation service. The symbol consists of the protected DAkkS logo and a unique registration numbere. On its website, the DAkkS makes available a database of all accredited bodies (www.dakks.de).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35677,
"question": "\n\n What is an accreditation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Confidence in calibration stands or falls on the competence of those who deliver the assessment service. Many of these conformity assessment bodies substantiate the quality of their own work through an accreditation. In this process, they demonstrate to an independent accreditation body that they complete their activities competently, in compliance with legal and normative requirements and to an internationally comparable level. In Germany, only DAkkS acts as a national accreditation body.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35693,
"question": "\n\n What is fuzzy logic?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Fuzzy logic is a theory which has been developed mainly for the modelling of uncertainties and vagaries from non-standard specifications. It is a generalisation of two-valued Boolean logic.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["75", "74"]
},
"id": 35625,
"question": "\n\n Which gas is used as the fill fluid for gas actuated thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Helium.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.35", "990.29", "990.41", "990.27", "990.28", "990.26"]
},
"id": 35865,
"question": "\n\n What influence does the diameter of the diaphragm have on the display?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragms with small diameters can only measure small volume changes. The larger the diameter of a diaphragm, the better the deviations that occur can be compensated for.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DMSU21SA", "DSSA11SA"]
},
"id": 35912,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal system is a combination of a diaphragm seal and a pressure measuring instrument, which can be adapted to even the most difficult of conditions within process industries. A diaphragm made of the appropriate material separates the medium to be measured from the measuring instrument. The combined systems can therefore withstand a pressure of 10 mbar up to 3,600 bar at extreme temperatures and with a wide variety of media, thus enabling accurate pressure measurements.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["736.51+8xx", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "432.36+8xx", "DPGS43HP.160", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35517,
"question": "\n\n Which standard regulates contact gauges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Sliding and magnetic snap-action contacts fitted in pressure gauges and thermometers with housing diameters of 100 and 160 mm are governed by DIN 16085.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Engineered solutions - Pressure", "Process transmitters", "Pressure switches", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-1200", "IL-10", "HP-2", "PG21HD", "A-10", "262.30", "C-10", "D-20-9", "D-21-9", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 35911,
"question": "\n\n At what pressure could the pressure measuring instrument be destroyed?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressure values above the overpressure limit can lead to irreversible damage of the measuring instrument. It does not matter whether this pressure is present constantly or only for a short period of time. In either case, the complete destruction of the parts exposed to the pressure and the sudden escape of the pressure medium can be expected.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["262.30", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 36060,
"question": "\n\n Can vibrations damage the pressure gauge over time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Vibrations can permanently damage the mechanics of the pressure gauge. This can significantly shorten the life of the pressure gauge. Fill fluid can help, as it cushions the internal mechanics and at the same time lubricates the moving parts.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["262.30", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 36059,
"question": "\n\n What causes pointer flutter with pressure gauges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If vibrations or pulsations act on the pressure gauge, this can lead to “pointer flutter”. Filling the pressure gauge can prevent this and ensures the correct reading of the pressure.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["262.30", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 36065,
"question": "\n\n What information can be found on the dial of a pressure gauge?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The dial shows information about the unit of the measured values, the accuracy class, the serial number, the construction standard (standard used to make the measuring instrument) and the material designation for all components that come into direct contact with the medium. On some pressure gauges, one can also see an (S). This is the marking for a safety pressure gauge which protects employees in the event of a fault.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 218368,
"question": "\n\n Why is there some white foaming inside the case of liquid-filled pressure gauges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With liquid-filled pressure gauges, white foam can occasionally form inside the case. This is the well-known phenomenon of an electrochemical reaction between aluminium components (e.g. pointers, dial) and the case filling (mainly with glycerine-water mixtures). For technical reasons, this medium is mainly used for lower pressures up to and including 4 bar. However, the foamy bubbles that are produced are only of an optical nature and have no effect on the correct functioning of the pressure gauge. The foaming is therefore not a reason for complaint. If you are still dissatisfied with the visual appearance of the instrument, WIKA can offer you possible alternatives (e.g. silicone-oil case filling).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["PGS43.160", "APGT43.100", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "PGT23.063", "APGT43.160", "DPGS43HP.160", "DPGS43.160", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35506,
"question": "\n\n What do the abbreviations PGT and PGS stand for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Model PGT (Pressure Gauge Transmitter) instruments are mechatronic pressure measuring instruments which display the pressure without needing external power, and simultaneously generate an electronic output signal. Model PGS (Pressure Gauge Switch) instruments are mechatronic pressure measuring instruments which display the pressure without needing external power, and simultaneously offer an electronic switching function.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["APGT43.100", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "PGT23.063", "APGT43.160", "DPGS43HP.160", "DPGS43.160"]
},
"id": 35505,
"question": "\n\n What function does the Hall sensor provide in intelliGAUGE/intelliTHERM instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The magnetic field that affects the Hall sensor comes from a moving permanent magnet, that is arranged at a fixed distance from the Hall sensor. Thus the angle of rotation of the permanent magnet in relation to the Hall sensor can be measured. In intelliGAUGE/intelliTHERM instruments a permanent magnet is fixed on the pointer, central to the pointer shaft. When the pointer turns, the magnet turns with it. Thus the angle of the field lines, which run between the two poles of the magnet, changes relative to the Hall sensor. Since for each angle of the field lines to the Hall sensor there is a different field strength, the Hall sensor generates a Hall voltage that is proportional to the angle of rotation of the pointer and thus proportional to the pressure.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Food and beverages", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["APGT43.160", "PGT23.063", "APGT43.100"]
},
"id": 35504,
"question": "\n\n What is the Hall effect?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If a constant current is running through a semiconductor component, and this component is then placed in a magnetic field, then a voltage (Hall voltage) is generated within this semiconductor component which is proportional to the strength of the magnetic field.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Power generation", "Refrigeration technology", "Food and beverages", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives"],
"type": ["736.51+8xx", "PGS23.063", "APGT43.100", "PGS23.160", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "432.36+8xx", "APGT43.160", "DPGS43HP.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx"]
},
"id": 35503,
"question": "\n\n What are mechatronic measuring instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Where electronic components or assemblies are integrated into mechanical measuring instruments. Thus, there is a purely mechanical on-site display giving either an additional electrical output signal or offering a switch function. The advantage of instruments like this is that, should the power supply or the measuring signal be disrupted or interrupted, the measured value can nevertheless still be read reliably on site.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["716.11", "736.11"]
},
"id": 35532,
"question": "\n\n Why are the model 736.11 and 736.51 not generally suitable for aggressive media?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The low-pressure (minus side) enters the interior of the display case and thus the dial (Al), pointer (Al), window, etc. are wetted. Only the plus side, which is made up of the capsule gauge interior, is manufactured from stainless steel and is thus resistant to aggressive media.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["716.11", "IV31", "IV20", "IV21", "IV51", "IV30", "736.11", "IV50"]
},
"id": 35531,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a three or five-way valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n These pressure-equalising valves (with integrated shut-off, purge and vent valves) enable the pressure gauge to be vented on one or both sides and the supply line to be purged.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["IV11", "IV1A", "IV1B", "716.11", "IV20", "IV10", "IV21", "IV1N", "736.11", "IV19"]
},
"id": 35530,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a three-way valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With upstream pressure equalising valves it is possible to achieve uniform pressure loading from the plus and minus side, to avoid single-sided overpressure loading during both start-up and operation, and also to enable zero point checks during operation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["IV11", "IV1A", "IV1B", "716.11", "IV20", "IV10", "IV21", "IV1N", "736.11", "IV19"]
},
"id": 35529,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a single-valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With upstream pressure equalising valves it is possible to achieve uniform pressure loading from the plus and minus side, to avoid single-sided overpressure loading during both start-up and operation, and also to enable zero point checks during operation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35528,
"question": "\n\n What happens when a model 7 differential pressure gauge with separation diaphragms made of elastomers is operated below the ambient temperature specified in the data sheet?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Below the permissible ambient temperatures, the accuracy deteriorates significantly, since the diaphragm (which is either made of FPM / FKM or NBR) stiffens at low temperatures.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["713.12", "731.12", "711.12", "733.02"]
},
"id": 35527,
"question": "\n\n Why must the differential pressure in model 7 differential pressure gauges with bourdon tubes not be allowed to be less than 1/6 of the full scale value?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For model 7 differential pressure gauges, the static pressure is the same as the full scale value over 270 degrees of rotation. With an expected differential pressure of 15 psi (1 bar) at a static pressure of 145 psi (10 bar), the two hands would only be separated from each other at a distance of approximately 27 degrees. As a result of this, to ensure that readability is still acceptable, the differential pressure should not drop below 1/6 of full scale (approx. 45 degrees).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Industrial Gases"],
"type": ["332.30", "633.34", "612.34", "633.50", "332.50", "232.50", "333.30", "232.30", "333.50", "232.36", "232.34", "233.50", "432.50", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "233.34", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "233.36", "432.36", "233.30", "432.56", "632.34", "632.50", "433.50"]
},
"id": 35526,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between a standard pressure gauge and a safety pattern version?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A safety version (code S3 per EN837) has an additional solid baffle wall welded between the dial and the measuring system. In addition, the case has a back wall that can blow out completely. The window is typically made of laminated safety glass. If a pressure builds up in the housing (e.g. from a rupture in the Bourdon tube), this pressure will exhaust completely through the back wall, which is then ejected from the case by the pressure. A release of pressure through the window cannot occur, so there is no risk to personnel through splinters of flying glass. At WIKA these instruments are specially marked on the dial with an "S" in the circle.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35524,
"question": "\n\n When must there be a CE mark on the dial?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When the measuring instrument falls under the scope of the pressure equipment directive (PED; >= 2900 psi / 200 bar), EMC directive (e.g. intelliGAUGE) or the low voltage directive (e.g. 821 or 851 contacts).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["432.30", "PG21HD", "332.30", "APGT43.100", "333.30", "PGT23.063", "232.30", "233.36", "233.30", "232.36", "APGT43.160", "433.30"]
},
"id": 35522,
"question": "\n\n Why can some pressure gauges only be used up to an ambient temperature of 140°F (60°C)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If the window of the pressure gauge is made from safety glass, then it can only be used up to an ambient temperature of 140°F (60°C). The safety glass is made from two glass discs. These glass discs are stuck together using a foil. If the temperature rises above 140°F (60°C), then the foil blisters. Consequently, the scale will no longer be able to be read reliably.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Linear drives"],
"type": ["332.30", "633.34", "612.34", "APGT43.100", "APGT43.160", "232.50", "262.30", "333.30", "232.30", "232.36", "232.34", "262.50", "233.50", "432.50", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "233.34", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "233.36", "432.36", "233.30", "263.30", "432.56", "263.50", "632.34", "PGS43.160", "433.50", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35521,
"question": "\n\n What can I do if the medium temperature with filled-gauges is over 212°F (100°C)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n You can use a pressure gauge syphon<\/a>, a diaphragm seal or a capillary line as an additional cooling element in order to lower the medium temperature.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["APGT43.160", "PGT23.063", "APGT43.100"]
},
"id": 35519,
"question": "\n\n Can the span of a pressure gauge from the PGT family be set by the user?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The span cannot be altered by the user. During production we can, however, provide any required span, even non-linear, for the electronics. Inverted, square or square-root signals are also possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["APGT43.160", "APGT43.100"]
},
"id": 35518,
"question": "\n\n Can the zero point of pressure gauges from the PGT family be set by the user?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The zero point of the vast majority of pressure gauges can be reset by the user on site whenever they like. The procedures are explained in the operating instructions. Note: Changing the zero point shifts the whole range by the amount of the change zero point in a positive or negative pressure/temperature direction. Normally, it is not necessary to reset the zero point.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Calibration", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Process transmitters", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Industrial Gases", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["IPT-20", "APGT43.100", "APGT43.160", "TGS73", "DPGS43HP.100", "262.30", "TGS55", "432.56+8xx", "CPT-20", "262.50", "CPG1200", "PGS23.063", "IPT-21", "PGS23.160", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "432.36+8xx", "DPGS43HP.160", "263.30", "263.50", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "CPT-21", "DPGS43.160", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35516,
"question": "\n\n What is ATEX?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n ATEX is a widespread synonym for the explosion protection directives of the European Union and is derived from the French abbreviation of “Atmosphere Explosible”. There are currently two directives in the field of explosion protection, namely the ATEX product directive, 2014/34/EU, and the ATEX workplace directive, 1999/92/EC.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Calibration"],
"productline": ["Process transmitters", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Industrial Gases", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["IPT-20", "IPT-21", "APGT43.100", "PGT23.063", "CPT-21", "APGT43.160", "CPT-20"]
},
"id": 35515,
"question": "\n\n What does NAMUR stand for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n NAMUR is the abbreviation for "Normenausschuss Mess- und Regeltechnik" (Standards committee for measurement and control).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Power generation", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages"],
"type": ["736.51+8xx", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "432.36+8xx", "DPGS43HP.160", "TGS73", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35514,
"question": "\n\n What is a change-over contact?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When the set point is exceeded, simultaneously one circuit is opened (NC) and one circuit is closed (NO). Changeover contacts are denoted by the number 3 (SPDT).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Food and beverages", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["736.51+8xx", "632.51+8xx", "PGS23.063", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "432.36+8xx", "TGS55", "DPGS43HP.160", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx"]
},
"id": 35513,
"question": "\n\n What is meant by switching function?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Under switching function, we mean the opening or closing of an electrical circuit. Normally-closed contacts (NC, denoted by a 2) interrupt a circuit on rising pressure (clockwise); normally-open contacts (NO, denoted by a 1) close a circuit on rising pressure (clockwise).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "713.12", "432.36+8xx", "731.12", "711.12", "DPGS43HP.160", "733.02", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "762.14", "732.14", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35512,
"question": "\n\n What is an isolating amplifier?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The isolating amplifier transmits digital signals from the hazardous area. The signal transmitters can be either sensors per DIN 19234 (NAMUR) or mechanical contacts. The input is securely isolated from the output and the power supply in accordance with DIN EN 50020. The output and the power supply are securely isolate from each other in accordance with DIN EN 50178.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "713.12", "432.36+8xx", "731.12", "711.12", "DPGS43HP.160", "733.02", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "762.14", "732.14", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35511,
"question": "\n\n What is a reed contact (model 851)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Reed contacts are often used for switching small voltages and currents, since their hermetically-sealed design, in combination with contacts in inert gas, cannot become corroded on the contact surfaces. Their high reliability and low contact resistance make them suitable for a large number of applications.They include, for example, PLC applications, signal conversion in measuring instruments, signal lights, acoustic signal transmitters and many more.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Temperature"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Thermometers with switch contacts", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["736.51+8xx", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "PGS23.100", "713.12", "432.36+8xx", "731.12", "711.12", "DPGS43HP.160", "733.02", "TGS73", "PGS43.160", "632.51+8xx", "DPGS43.100", "DPGS43HP.100", "762.14", "732.14", "DPGS43.160", "432.56+8xx", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35507,
"question": "\n\n What is a magnetic snap-action contact (model 821)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The magnetic snap-action contact is a mechanical physical contact for switching loads of up to 30W 50VA. The signal output is achieved either ahead of or behind the movement of the actual value pointer. To close the circuit, the contact pin of the movable contact arm, just before reaching the set point, is attracted by the action of a permanent magnet mounted on the carrier arm. Through the holding force of the magnet, magnetic snap-action contacts are immune to vibration. To open the circuit, the magnet keeps the contact arm attracted until the restoring force of the measuring element exceeds the magnet's strength and the contact springs open.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2", "TC10-4", "TC15-2", "TC10-2", "TC10-3"]
},
"id": 35563,
"question": "\n\n How thick is the wall thickness of an MI cable?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Most manufacturers give a minimum wall thickness which corresponds to 10% of the external diameter of the MI cable.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TC10-D", "TC15-2", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR10-J", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35562,
"question": "\n\n What is the permissible minimum bending radius for an MI cable?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n VDI/VDE 3511 Sheet 2 recommends a radius of curvature R of ≥ 5 x D (D=external diameter of the MI cable), some manufacturers of MI cable even give ≥ 3 x D as the minimum bending radius.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TR10-J", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35561,
"question": "\n\n What are mineral-insulated (MI) cables?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Mineral-insulated cables for resistance thermometers consist of one or more copper wires that are embedded in highly-compacted magnesium oxide and sheathed in casing tube made from, for example, 1.4571 stainless steel. For thermocouples, instead of copper wires, thermocouple cables suitable for the thermocouple type are used. The most common standard sheath material for thermocouples is Inconel 2.4816.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TF35", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35559,
"question": "\n\n What does "positive temperature coefficient thermistor" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Positive temperature coefficient thermistors conduct electricity worse at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. They are also known as PTC resistances (Positive Temperature Coefficient). Typically PTC are used in high-value temperature measuring points, e.g. in the chemical industry.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["A46", "TF35", "A48"]
},
"id": 35558,
"question": "\n\n What does „negative temperature coefficient thermistor“ mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Negative temperature coefficient thermistors conduct electricity better at higher temperatures than at lower temperatures. They are also known as NTC resistances (Negative Temperature Coefficient). Typically, NTC is used in the plastics and food and beverage industries.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers", "Process transmitters"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TR20", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2"]
},
"id": 35556,
"question": "\n\n What do the designations of Temperature Class mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which an inflammable mixture of gases can ignite at a flame, a hot surface or otherwise generated spark. Gases and vapours are divided into Classes in which the temperature of the surface must always be lower than that of the mixture. (T1 > 450 °C, T2 > 300 °C, T3 > 200 °C, T4 > 135 °C, T5 > 100 °C, T6 > 85 °C).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers", "Temperature transmitters", "Process transmitters"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TIF11", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR20", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2", "TC10-4", "TC15-2", "TC10-2", "TC10-3"]
},
"id": 35555,
"question": "\n\n What do the Zones in explosion protection mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gases: What does „Intercrystalline corrosion" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n IC (Intercrystalline Corrosion) is a form of corrosion that can occur in most alloys at the appropriate conditions. It is also known as "grain disintegration" or „chromium depletion" The corrosion takes place along the grain boundaries. In steels alloyed with chromium, the chromium contained in the material combines on heating (often while welding) with the carbon to form chromium carbide. Thus the chromium is no longer available for corrosion protection (formation of a passive layer) in the heated area. This occurs particularly in high-carbon steels. With corrosion-resistant steels, such as 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti), the binding of carbon with titanium or niobium to niobium or titanium carbide (stabilised steels) or lowering the carbon content, e.g. 1.4404 (AISI 316L) acts against IC. These measures prevent the harmful reduction of chromium content along the grain boundaries.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["990.16"]
},
"id": 35549,
"question": "\n\n What is the total layer thickness (primer and coating) of the PFA coating on the diaphragm of diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The total layer thickness of the PFA coating on the diaphragm of diaphragm seals is:<\/p> How thick is the PTFE coating on the diaphragm?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n 0.25 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["981.51", "981.31", "981.27", "981.SY", "981.10", "DSS26T"]
},
"id": 35545,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm in-line seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The diaphragm in-line seal is perfectly suited for use with flowing media. With the seal being completely integrated into the process line, measurements are not affected by any turbulence, corners, dead spaces or other obstructions in the flow direction. The medium flows unhindered and effects the self-cleaning of the measuring chamber. The diaphragm seal consists of a cylindrical cover component which contains a welded-in thin-wall round-pipe diaphragm. This makes the designing of special measuring point connections unnecessary. Different nominal widths allow the in-line diaphragm seals to be adapted to the corresponding pipe cross-section. The pressure range goes up to a maximum of 400 bar for PN 6 ... PN 400 flange connections, with the normal temperature limit being at +752 °F (+400 °C).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["DSS34M", "DSS22F", "990.PF", "M932.D1", "L990.57", "DSS22T", "DSS10M", "990.FD", "DSS27T", "990.FB", "DSS26T", "990.49", "L990.SD", "DSS19F", "981.SY", "DSS18F", "DSS26M", "M933.25", "910.ZA", "M932.2C", "DSS19T", "M932.3A", "981.31", "L990.58", "DSS27M", "990.45", "DSS34T", "M933.3A", "990.FC", "990.FA", "M932.25", "M932.DD", "M933.D1", "DSS10T", "990.14", "990.48", "DMSU21SA", "990.TC", "990.FR"]
},
"id": 35543,
"question": "\n\n When are diaphragm seals used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For the user, diaphragm seals enable the use of pressure measuring instruments of all sorts also able to be used for the harshest of applications. Examples: What is a diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals are mounted to existing connections. Usually the connections consist of T-pieces which are integrated into a pipeline, or of welding sockets which are welded to a pipeline, the process reactor or a tank.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Industrial Gases"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35542,
"question": "\n\n What does LPG mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n LPG is the abbreviation for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (main constituents are Butane and Propane), which is derived from crude oil and is liquefied through relatively low pressures. Often LPG is also known as Autogas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Industrial Gases"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35540,
"question": "\n\n What does CNG mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n CNG is the abbreviation for Compressed Natural Gas, also Natural Gas (main constituent Methane), that is stored and transported under high pressure in gas cylinders.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["233.50", "232.50", "233.50SUBSEA", "233.34", "262.30", "263.30", "232.34", "262.50", "233.34SUBSEA", "263.50"]
},
"id": 35539,
"question": "\n\n Does the height above sea level have any effect on the measuring result of relative pressure measuring instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, this has no effect, since it is always the pressure differential from ambient that is measured.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A-1200"]
},
"id": 35538,
"question": "\n\n When should a restrictor be used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For pressure spikes or sudden pressure loading and unloading.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": ["262.30", "CPG1200", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 35537,
"question": "\n\n What is the Accuracy class?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The Accuracy class gives the error limits in percent of the measuring span.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["432.50", "432.36", "433.50", "PGS43.160", "432.56", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35536,
"question": "\n\n Which instruments are suitable for liquids with small measuring ranges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm pressure gauges up to 0.23 psi (16 mbar) are suitable for liquids (through self-emptying of the pressure chamber).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35534,
"question": "\n\n How does the measuring system for Model 7 differential pressure gauges with diaphragms behave outside the full scale value?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The plus or minus-sided overpressure safety, up to the maximum working pressure (PN40, PN100, PN250, PN400), is achieved through the metallic measuring element support surface arrangement. Pressures within the permissible overload range leave no lasting damage on the measuring system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35566,
"question": "\n\n How high is the permissible vibration loading for WIKA-Pt100 probes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The standard WIKA measuring insert allows use up to 3g (amplitude). This corresponds to a loading of 6g, peak to peak, per DIN EN 60751 (58.86 m/s^2). In EN 60751 only 20-30 m/s^2 peak-to-peak is specified (1 g = 9.81 m/s^2). The vibration-resistant design is suitable for up to 20g peak-to-peak. Special designs, on request, up to 50g are possible. Why should Pt100 measuring circuits with reduced tolerance class A or AA per DIN EN 60751 be used in at least a 3- or 4-wire connection?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The 2-wire connection is not permissible for classes A and AA per DIN EN 60751 since here the internal lead resistance of the wires is added to the measured value. This will usually exceed the specified tolerance for the temperature sensor. A measurement of the cable resistance at room temperature and adjusting this in the transmitter (for example) is possible, but the temperature-dependent resistance of the inner conductor of the cable would still be added to the reading as an error. Conclusion: A 2-wire circuit is not suitable for accurate temperature measurement.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35564,
"question": "\n\n How large is the measuring error caused by the internal lead resistance with a Pt100 built into an MI cable with Cu internal wires in a 2-wire connection?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n D=3 mm : 0.28 Ohm/m = 0.7 K/m (measuring error) What is a micro switch?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n By a micro switch, one refers to an electrical switch whose contacts, when open, have a maximum clearance of 3 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Food and beverages", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35594,
"question": "\n\n What does the abbreviation TGT stand for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Model TGT (Temperature Gauge Transmitter) instruments are mechatronic temperature measuring instruments which display the temperature without needing external power, and simultaneously generate an electrical output signal.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Food and beverages", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35593,
"question": "\n\n What function does the Hall sensor provide in intelliTHERM instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The magnetic field that affects the Hall sensor comes from a moving permanent magnet, that is arranged at a fixed distance from the Hall sensor. Thus the angle of rotation of the permanent magnet in relation to the Hall sensor can be measured. In intelliTHERM instruments, a permanent magnet is fixed on the pointer, central to the pointer shaft. When the pointer turns, the magnet turns with it. Thus the angle of the field lines, which run between the two poles of the magnet, changes relative to the Hall sensor. Since for each angle of the field lines to the Hall sensor there is a different field strength, the Hall sensor generates a Hall voltage that is proportional to the angle of rotation of the pointer and thus proportional to the temperature.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TIF11"]
},
"id": 35590,
"question": "\n\n What are Profibus / FOUNDATION Fieldbus?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Profibus / FOUNDATION fieldbus are digital output signal protocols.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-0"]
},
"id": 35589,
"question": "\n\n What are the special features of the T32 SIL transmitter?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n It has had a FMEDA analysis carried out on it. The T32 has been developed in accordance with IEC 61508 and has been manufactured accordingly. The T32 operates exclusively with active write protection.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TIF11"]
},
"id": 35588,
"question": "\n\n What does 'SIL' mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n SIL (Safety Integrity Level) refers to the standards IEC61508 / IEC61511 and describes instruments, which are used for safety-critical applications. In the event of an emergency, they must react safely and place the control circuit into a safe state. What is the value of the current at the output limits in accordance with NAMUR?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Lower output limit in accordance with NAMUR is 3.8 mA (other value possible) What do "output limits" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Up to these signal limits, a measuring signal is generated.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Process transmitters", "Temperature transmitters"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35585,
"question": "\n\n What are the signalling values in accordance with NAMUR?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n NAMUR Downscale: 3.5 mA What is 'signalling'?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The signalling shows possible error conditions (e.g. sensor burn-out).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TC85"]
},
"id": 35582,
"question": "\n\n What should be considered when measuring temperature with thermocouples?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For temperature measurement using thermocouples, a reference value is always needed and/or a compensation must be made. Thus, there is a sensor built into the digital transmitter (Pt100) which measures the terminal temperature (ambient temperature). (cold junction, CJC, cold junction compensation). What is galvanic isolation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n An isolation of the signal between the signal side and the output side (e.g. through coils).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35580,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between analogue and digital transmitters?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n At WIKA, analogue transmitters have analogue electronics fitted but no processors. What happens with a high ambient temperature > 85 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n High TC error and damage to the electronic components.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35578,
"question": "\n\n What effect does poor insulation resistance have?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with DIN EN 60751 section 6.3.1 the insulation resistance between each measuring circuit and the sheath, at a minimum test voltage of 100 V DC, must not be less than 100 MOhm. Should the insulation resistance be too low, a measuring error occurs that causes the display of too low a temperature. In relation to a resistance thermometer (with sheathed cable) this results, with an insulation resistance of 100 kOhm, in a display error up to 0.25 Ohm and at 25 kOhm up to 1 Ohm. On all WIKA resistance thermometers, an insulation test with 500 V DC and an insulation resistance of > 1,000 MOhm is carried out, i.e. we test to a factor of 50 better than specified by the standard.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35577,
"question": "\n\n What does the designation "1/3 DIN" mean with resistance thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n IMPORTANT: The terms 1/3 DIN, and also 1/5 DIN and 1/10 DIN, have NOT been STANDARDISED! Why has there been, for some time, a separation between the accuracy classes for "wire-wound resistance" and "film resistance" Pt100 measuring resistors?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the past, no distinction had been made between the two basic types of measuring resistor and their temperature limits. Practice, however, showed that film resistors (thin-film/chipset resistors) have a (not insignificant) deviation form the characteristic. This behaviour has been accommodated in DIN EN 60751:2009-5 through the splitting of the temperature ranges within the individual accuracy classes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35575,
"question": "\n\n How is the accuracy class calculated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Per DIN EN 60751 Point 5.1.3 Table 3 in °C Can electrical thermometers be calibrated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n It is not possible to calibrate resistance thermometers (e.g. measuring inserts). What are the response times of the various measuring inserts?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measurement of the response time is carried out in flowing water in accordance with DIN EN 60751 and VDI / VDE 3522. What measures should be taken with the installation of high-temperature probes with ceramic protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Installation and removal should be carried out slowly and gradually, in order to prevent the ceramic protection tube being destroyed by internal thermal stresses. This must be either preheated or slowly inserted, e.g. 1 ... 2 cm / min for temperatures to 1,600 ° C and 10 .. 20 cm / min at 1,200 ° C.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC85", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35570,
"question": "\n\n What is thermal voltage (or the Seebeck effect)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The effect, named after Thomas Johann Seebeck, describes the fact that an electric voltage exists when two different metallic conductors are connected at two different points, if there is a temperature difference between the connected and the open end of the „thermocouple“.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-2", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35569,
"question": "\n\n What is green rot?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermocouples are subject to ageing and change their temperature/thermal voltage characteristic. What minimum insertion lengths are recommended, as a rough guide, for protection tubes in order to minimise the heat dissipation error?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n for gaseous media: 15 ... 20 x protection tube diameter What are the Callendar-van-Dusen-coefficients and how do I calculate these?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The Callendar-van-Dusen-coefficients are used to describe a polynomial function of the actual characteristic of a platinum measuring resistor. This can be stored in a transmitter and thus increases the accuracy of the entire measuring chain. To calculate the Callendar-van-Dusen-equation in the temperature range over 0 °C, the resistance at 0 °C and two other test temperatures are collected by comparative measurements. Hence, the a and b constants are calculated. For the negative temperature range, the inclusion of a measured value for another test temperature is needed in order to determine the d constant. One can, however, represent the characteristic curve of the platinum measuring resistor just as well mathematically using the polynomial equation per DIN EN 60751 with the constants A, B and C (see also WIKA data sheet IN 00.17, page 4) and also determine these by calculation from the measurement of 3 (or 4 at t < 0 ° C) test temperatures. Similarly, one can convert the constants A, B, C into the Callendar - van Dusen constants.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["IFC"]
},
"id": 35609,
"question": "\n\n How does an expansion thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measured value registration is made through the liquid-filled measuring system which consists of a temperature probe, capillary and Bourdon tube. All three components combine to form a closed tube system. The internal pressure in the system changes with the adjacent temperature. This causes the pointer axis connected to the spring to turn and the temperature value to be displayed on the scale. The capillary, with lengths between 500 and 10,000 mm also enables measurements to be made on remote measuring points. The scale ranges are between -40 and +400 °C with accuracy classes 1 and 2 in accordance with EN 13190.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "75", "74", "SW15", "SB15", "SC15", "TG53", "A46", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35619,
"question": "\n\n What does one mean by the active length of a thermometer?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The active length of a thermometer is the length over which the thermometer effectively averages the temperature, through in-and outflows of the heat.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35618,
"question": "\n\n Why can one not use a magnetic snap-action contact with bimetal measuring systems?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since bimetal measuring systems only offer very low actuating forces.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["55", "TGS73", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35613,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping an advantage with high vibration?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the pointer is damped and the temperature can be read better.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["55", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35612,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping an advantage with negative ambient temperatures?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since with unfilled instruments, there can be a possible build-up of condensing water, the window can become steamed up. This is not possible in filled instruments.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["TGS73", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35611,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping in gas actuated thermometers then possible with medium temperatures over 250 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since only the housing is filled, and thus the medium temperature cannot be transferred to the fill fluid, all temperature ranges from -200 °C ... 700 °C are possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["55", "TG53", "TG54"]
},
"id": 35610,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping in bimetal thermometers only possible up to medium temperatures of 250°C? Since the filling liquid (silicone oil) in the complete thermometer (i.e. it is also present in the stem) this means the filling liquid is heated to the temperature of the medium. This can lead to fire in the silicone oil.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35632,
"question": "\n\n What are the factors influencing the response times of thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Put simply, one can say that the more stable a thermowell or protection tube is constructed, the slower it reacts to temperature changes. In order to optimise the response time, there are thin wall thicknesses and low air space between sensor and the bore's interior walls. Further optimisations in design are pocket-drilled bottoms and effective insertion lengths of more than 100 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A48", "TW10", "A46", "TR36"]
},
"id": 35631,
"question": "\n\n When are thermowells or protection tubes typically used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Protection tubes are generally recommended for low to medium process loads. Thermowells are suited to the highest process loads, depending on their design. Thus internationally or in the petrochemical industry, one-piece thermocouples are now used almost exclusively.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35630,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Protection tubesare manufactured from tubes which are sealed by a solid welded tip (for example) at the process. Thermowells are manufactured from a complete element of bar stock (round or hexagonal).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35629,
"question": "\n\n What are suitable materials for thermowells and protection tubes for negative temperatures?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The first choice for high-temperature applications should always be stainless steel, such as 1.4404 (Approval per AD2000 W10 down to -270 °C) or 316L. Carbon steels should be considered carefully in detail, through the effect of the drop-off effect.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35628,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum permissible temperature for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The maximum temperature depends on the materials used and the standards which must be met. So, for example, a standard stainless steel can be used in air up to about +900 °C, the maximum operating temperature is approximately +600 °C and an approval can be made up to +450 °C.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["IFC"]
},
"id": 35626,
"question": "\n\n How long does it take for an expansion thermometer to display the true temperature of the medium?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Rule of thumb: after 90 sec adjustment time, approx. 99% of the measured value has been achieved.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["75", "TG54", "74", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35624,
"question": "\n\n What influence does the ambient temperature have on the measuring result?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This depends on the following parameters: Does the ambient temperature have any influence on the measuring tube within the case of the gas-actuated instrument?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Yes, that is why a bimetal compensation is installed between the movement and the measuring tube. This compensation is technically limited within a specific range. For WIKA gas-actuated instruments the standard ambient temperature is approx. 23 ± 10 °C. Deviating ambient temperatures are possible, but have to be specified.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["SB15", "SC15", "SW15", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35622,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum length of a capillary for gas actuated thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Theoretically, the capillary of a gas-actuated thermometer can be up to 100 m long. However, a large probe volume is needed so that the gas-actuated thermometer will operate within class 1. With the expansion thermometer, the maximum length is limited to 15 metres, otherwise the required filling volume would be too great.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TGS73", "75", "74", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35621,
"question": "\n\n When does one use a gas actuated thermometer with capillary?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gas-actuated or expansion thermometers with capillaries are used in locations which are not easily accessible and where long distances have to be bridged. As a protective coating for capillaries, a flexible spiral protective sleeve or PVC coating is available.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "TG54", "A46", "TGS55"]
},
"id": 35620,
"question": "\n\n Why can't the shaft of the bimetal thermometers be manufactured longer than 1m?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the weight of the pointer shaft would be greater than the turning bimetal coil (i.e. the pointer would no longer be able to move).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Engineered solutions - Pressure", "Process transmitters", "Pressure switches", "Pressure gauges"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-1200", "IL-10", "HP-2", "CPG1200", "PG21HD", "A-10", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35910,
"question": "\n\n What is the overpressure limit?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressures up to the overpressure limit will not cause any permanent damage to the measuring instrument, however, the error limits specified in the data sheet could be exceeded.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TF35", "TR45", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35560,
"question": "\n\n What are 2-, 3- and 4-wire circuits?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n They describe the number of wires with which the measuring resistor (e.g. a Pt100) is connected. While with the simplest 2-wire connection, the lead resistance can falsify the measuring result, this negative influence can be compensated within the 3- or 4-wire connection, and thus the accuracy of the measurement improved.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TF35", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35557,
"question": "\n\n What does „Pt100“ mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pt stands for Platinum with a nominal resistance of 100 Ohm at 0 °C (EN 60751).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Process transmitters", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35500,
"question": "\n\n Can you switch between 4 ... 20 mA and 0 ... 10 V?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, the output signal is defined in the order and cannot be changed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Process transmitters", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35499,
"question": "\n\n Can a 3-wire transmitter also work in a 2-wire configuration?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35497,
"question": "\n\n Will the pressure transmitter still work properly when the supply voltage is slightly below the minimum specified level?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Up to a certain pressure, the pressure transmitter will still provide a correct output signal. If the pressure increases beyond this point, however, the output signal will remain at the same value, since the power supply is not sufficient to drive the output fully.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Process transmitters", "Digital pressure gauges", "Engineered solutions - Pressure"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "A-1200", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35502,
"question": "\n\n What solutions are there against pressure spikes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For this, we recommend a process connection with a reduced pressure port of 0.6 mm or 0.3 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Process transmitters", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "A-1200", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35501,
"question": "\n\n What causes zero point drift?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Through the ageing of the electrical components, through temperature and load cycling.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Digital pressure gauges", "Process transmitters", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["A-10", "A-1200", "IL-10", "HP-2", "C-10"]
},
"id": 35498,
"question": "\n\n Can the connector be altered?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The electrical connection cannot be altered.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level", "Calibration"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Process transmitters", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["IL-10", "HP-2", "IPT-20", "IPT-21", "A-10", "CPT-21", "C-10", "CPT-20"]
},
"id": 35496,
"question": "\n\n Will a pressure transmitter also work without a power supply?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure", "Level", "Calibration"],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Process transmitters", "Submersible pressure sensors", "Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Digital pressure gauges", "Engineered solutions - Pressure", "Pressure switches"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["PCS", "APW", "A-1200", "DA10", "MW", "DE", "PCA", "HP-2", "BAX", "APA10", "A-10", "UPT-20", "PXS", "DW", "DEC", "DCC", "PSM-700", "DW10", "APA", "PXA", "BA", "DC", "IL-10", "APW10", "DA", "MA", "C-10", "BWX", "UPT-21"]
},
"id": 35495,
"question": "\n\n Can each pressure transmitter measure any medium?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, the materials stated in the data sheet are to be checked by the customer for resistance.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators", "Calibration baths"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35664,
"question": "\n\n What does radial gradient mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature difference between the individual bores of an insert.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CTD4000", "CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35663,
"question": "\n\n What is an axial gradient?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature difference/temperature gradient from the bottom – maximum immersion depth – to the top - surface of the calibrator.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CPG1200"]
},
"id": 35662,
"question": "\n\n How frequently, or after what interval, is the recalibration of a pressure measuring instrument required?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n for pressure measuring instruments with an accuracy class of <= 0.6 % annually Are there any GOST certificates for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. GOST certificates only exist for measuring instruments and a thermowell and protection tube is only considered a component part of a thermometer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10", "A48"]
},
"id": 35650,
"question": "\n\n Do thermowells or protection tubes need to be CE marked?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermowells or protection tubes must not be CE marked, in principle. An exception as a result of its special design is the model TW61 thermowell with DN>25, suitable for orbital welding. This must be CE marked in accordance with the Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35648,
"question": "\n\n What is an ultrasonic test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Through an ultrasonic test to DIN EN ISO 17640, for example, full penetration welds on thermowells can be investigated with respect to irregularities (cracks, voids, insufficient bonding). To do this, the reflections of a radiated ultrasonic signal from the interfaces of irregularities are measured. To determine the position of the irregularities, the ultrasound machine is set in advance with the aid of a reference body. The ultrasonic method can also be used to measure the wall thickness of a thermowell, in order to determine the bore centrality.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35642,
"question": "\n\n What does ZFP, NDE or NDT mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n ZFP is the German abbreviation for "Zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen" (non-destructive examinations). The abbreviations NDE or NDT stand for "Non-Destructive Examination" or "Non-Destructive Testing", respectively. This is used to refer to non-destructive inspections or tests on components in general.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35641,
"question": "\n\n What tests are usual or possible for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Common non-destructive tests are the pressure test and, for protection tubes and thermowells with a welding seam, the liquid penetrant test. In addition, to test the centrality of the bore, ultrasound or X-ray testing is possible. To test the sealing, helium leak testing is an option. The surface finish or surface hardness may also be tested. A material test would be Positive Material Identification (PMI test).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10", "A48"]
},
"id": 35640,
"question": "\n\n What tests and inspections are stipulated for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with DIN 43772 Point 4.6, all tests and certifications should be agreed between the manufacturer and operator.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35639,
"question": "\n\n Why do modern protection tubes mainly have female threads for thermometer connections, and not male threads as in older specifications?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The risk of damage with female threads is less than with male threads.Since the replacement of protection tubes is always fraught with difficulties. Since it allows the thermometer to be removed without difficulty while the plant is running, this configuration is recommended. In the past, most thermometers were used with union nuts that fitted the male threads on the protection tube.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35636,
"question": "\n\n What is the minimum insertion length of a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The insertion length of a thermowell or protection tube will be specified through the thermometer used. In general one can assume a length of 60-100 mm for mechanical thermometers from a minimum total length. Electrical thermometers need an insertion length of at least 35 - 50 mm. Each individual case should be checked, though.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35634,
"question": "\n\n What do the markings on 'sealing faces to ASME B16.5' mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n RF - Raised Face: What are fluctuations and overshoots?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Two-point control often involves undulation. A temperature rise above the set point, after the start of the temperature control, is referred to as overshoot. Temperature changes around the set point are referred to as fluctuations. A better quality of control is expected when the level of overshoot and fluctuation is low.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35684,
"question": "\n\n What is the set point?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The set point is the parameter that the temperature controller<\/a> should react to. The time required to achieve stable control varies for each controlled system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35683,
"question": "\n\n What is self-optimisation or autotuning?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PID terms for temperature control vary in value and combination, depending on the characteristics of the controlled system. In current use, there are a number of traditional methods proposed and implemented for determining the PID terms from the waveform of the temperatures to be controlled by the temperature controller. This enables self-optimisation (e.g. the determination of the PID terms used for a variety of controlled systems). Among the self-optimisation processes are step response, limit sensitivity and limit cycle processes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35682,
"question": "\n\n Why is no certificate issued for the CTB9400, CTB9500?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Calibration baths of such a volume always require the use of an external reference. The display is no longer reliable, owing to the volume and the gradient. For these reasons, no certificate will be issued for these baths.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35681,
"question": "\n\n What is a working standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard routinely used for calibrating or testing material measures, measuring instruments or reference materials. What is a national standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard approved by national decision as basis for the determination of values of all other standards of the quantity in question (SI unit).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35678,
"question": "\n\n What is a standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Standard (VIM): "Material measure, measuring instrument, reference material or measuring device intended to define, materialise, conserve or reproduce a unit or one or several values of a quantity."<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35675,
"question": "\n\n What advantages are offered by accreditations?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For the company, accreditations promote international comparability and recognition of certificates and test reports. This transparency makes it easier for companies to gain access to national and international markets. Moreover, proof of accreditation is often the prerequisite of certain norms of "potential customers". The business relationship is only made possible by virtue of accreditation. The consumer can rely on the data on the calibration certificate. Moreover, he knows that, depending on the data given, standards, regulations and international recommendations are thereby guaranteed (conformity statement). Finally, he can rest assured that the DKD/ DAkkS certificate is recognised internationally within wide boundaries.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CTD4000", "CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35669,
"question": "\n\n How must the inserts be designed in order to get the best results?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The inserts should be drilled in accordance with the diameter of the test items. In general, the bore diameter, taking the thermal expansion of the test item into account, should be selected to be as small as possible. Air gap between the thermometer and the bore will act as resistances to heat transfer and will significantly affect the heat transfer through heat conduction. As a consequence, the test bore diameter should be a maximum of 0.5mm larger than the external diameter of the thermometer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350"]
},
"id": 35666,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between a dry well calibrator and a micro calibration bath?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Dry well calibrators/micro calibration baths consist of a thermally insulated metal block which is heated, and for instruments which work with Peltier elements, which can also be cooled. The reference, which the calibrator controls, is mounted directly into the metal block. The working range of commercially available temperature calibrators, using Pt resistance thermometers as a standard, extends from approximately -45 °C to 650 °C. Calibrators that work with Peltier elements are typically used from -35 °C to 165 °C, and those that are fitted with resistance heating from 35 °C to 700 °C. In addition, there are high-temperature dry well calibrators which can be used, depending on the model, up to 1300 °C. They work with precious-metal thermocouples as standards and control thermometers. In these cases, the measurement uncertainties are higher than in calibrators which use a resistance thermometer as a standard. The working range of micro calibration baths is (unlike the dry block calibrators) strictly limited, due to the use of liquids (usually silicone oil) instead of inserts. In order to be able to calibrate using these liquids, they must be sufficiently viscous at ambient temperature. This requirement then limits the upper end of the temperature range to approximately 250°C. They do have the advantage of homogeneous mixing of the liquid due to a magnetic stirrer at the bottom, meaning no axial nor radial gradients are observed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35665,
"question": "\n\n What does stability mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The temperature difference between the minimum and the maximum for fluctuating temperature, taken over 30 minutes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36007,
"question": "\n\n What are the special features of the safety concept of the GPU-S-x000?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Among the special features is the separation in two autonomously operating controllers. The process controller controls all processes and communicates with the operator via the input display (also called the HMI “Human Machine Interface”). The safety controller, which is based on SIL 2 components, monitors critical conditions of the system. The SIL 2-certified components we are referring to are the pressure sensors, a load cell for measuring tank contents and the SF6<\/sub> gas detector (IR technology). The latter detects emissions in a range from 0 ... 2,000 ppmv. When the workplace limits are exceeded (1,000 ppmv), the detector automatically places the system into a safe condition and alerts the operator. The emission of SF6<\/sub> gas during handling is thus reduced to a minimum. WIKA is the only provider of SF6<\/sub> gas handling equipment with a safety control in accordance with SIL 2.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35676,
"question": "\n\n Why should equipment be calibrated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n To ensure consistent quality of the manufactured products, quality management according to the family of standards DIN EN ISO 9000 has been in force for years and is indispensable for many companies. This standard requires that all quality-relevant features of a product must be tested and, when doing so, retraceable inspection equipment is regularly used. Calibration ensures that the measured results are internationally comparable and product liability risks are minimised - an important prerequisite for competitiveness on tomorrow's markets.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35671,
"question": "\n\n For which pressure and temperature ranges have the calibration laboratories been accredited?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressure: When is a shut-off valve needed on the CPP1000 - M/L hydraulic test pumps?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When test units with a large internal volumes should be calibrated with it (e.g. pressure gauge from NS 100). For pressure transmitters with a small channel bore volume, a shut-off valve is needed. The volume change of the piston with a complete spindle hub is only 3.9 ccm In addition, a check valve is necessary when reference devices are used with large internal volumes (e.g. NS100 pressure gauge). When using the CPH series reference pressure transmitters and pressure transmitters on the test item side, a shut-off valve is required.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350"]
},
"id": 35668,
"question": "\n\n What material are the inserts for a dry well calibrator made from?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The material for the inserts depends on the temperature range of the dry well calibrator. The selected material should have a temperature range far remove from the melting point. What is the minimum immersion depth with dry-well calibrators?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The minimum immersion depth for dry-well calibrators, essentially, depends on the axial gradient and the desired accuracy of the calibration. It is generally recommended to calibrate with the probe sitting on the bottom of the sleeve bore. For shorter sensors that do not allow complete immersion, an external reference, placed at the same height, can be used to improve the measurement results. The calibration immersion depth can be checked by reducing the maximum possible immersion depth by 10 %. The heat dissipation error that occurs should deviate from the desired accuracy by a maximum of 10 %.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35655,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum insertion length for a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For protection tubes, the maximum length is limited by the manufactured lengths of the tubes, which is about 5-6 meters. Thermowells are made of solid material and limited by the production length of the drill hole, which, for each product is between 1,000 mm and 2,000 mm. . Longer Thermowells have to be made by welding individual elements together.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35653,
"question": "\n\n Can the calculations per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 be used for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. The calculation per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 is only used for thermowells in tapered, straight or stepped designs from solid materials, such as Model TW10, TW15, TW20, etc.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35652,
"question": "\n\n What information is needed in order to perform a thermowell calculation in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For this one needs the following information: Why do some users specify a polished thermowell surface, and others define a high roughness or knurling of the area in the flow?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This depends on the usage of the thermowell. A polished surface has a higher corrosion resistance than a rough surface. The rough or knurled surface has an advantage with respect to the vibrational excitation by the Karman vortex street, meaning such thermowells can withstand higher flow rates than smooth thermowells.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35647,
"question": "\n\n What is a X-ray testing?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Through an X-ray test to EN 1435 or ASME Section V, Article 2, Edition 2010, for example, full penetration welds on thermowells can be investigated with respect to irregularities (cracks, voids, insufficient bonding). Here, depending on the dimensions of the thermowell, up to five X-ray images may be necessary to determine irregularities with sizes < 0.5 mm in the full-penetration weld. An X-ray examination can also be used to record the bore centrality in thermowells. For this purpose, two images of the thermowell tip at 90° to each other are required.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35646,
"question": "\n\n What is a dye penetrant test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With the penetrant test in accordance with DIN EN 3452-1, fine surface cracks and porosities in weld seams can be made visible. After cleaning the surface to be inspected, a contrast agent (red or fluorescent) is sprayed on. Through the capillary effect, this agent penetrates any surface defects there might be. After re-cleaning the surface, a developer (white) is then sprayed on, which extracts the contrast agent (from any hairline cracks, etc.) and through colour contrast, enables an easy evaluation of the defects. After passing a liquid penetration test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with "PT".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35645,
"question": "\n\n What is a PMI test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PMI (positive material identification) test proves which alloy constituents exist in the material. There are various common test procedures. With optical emission spectrometry (OES) in accordance with DIN 51008-1 and -2, an arc is generated between the thermowell or protection tube surface and the test equipment, and the spectrum of this arc enables the alloy’s elements to be identified – both qualitatively and quantitatively. A characteristic feature of this procedure is the fire mark that is left on the workpiece. A test procedure which doesn’t damage the surface is X-ray analysis; during the X-ray the atoms of the thermowell or protection tube material are energised until they radiate themselves. The wavelength and intensity of the emitted radiation is again a measure of the alloy’s constituent elements and their concentrations. Following a successful PMI test / positive material identification test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with "PMI".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35644,
"question": "\n\n What is a helium leak test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For leak testing in accordance with DIN EN 1779 (1999) / EN 13185, helium 4.6 is used as a test gas. The test is able to detect minimal leakage rates and is considered the most sensitive test method for leak testing. In general, one should distinguish between an integral and local test method. In the integral test, leak rates (e.g. 1x10-7 mbar * l / s) can be determined, while the local testing enables the location of the leak to be determined using a spray probe. After passing a helium leak test, the thermowell or protection tube is labelled with a corresponding sticker.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35643,
"question": "\n\n What is a hydrostatic pressure test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The hydrostatic pressure test is a pressure and strength test of the components of a thermowell or protection tube in accordance with the AD2000 data sheet HP30. For the test, the thermowell or protection tube is clamped into a test fixture and loaded at room temperature with a defined test pressure and duration (e.g. three minutes). In general, one differentiates between external and internal pressure testing. Typical test pressures are 1.5 times the nominal pressure of the flange with external pressure, or 500 bar with internal pressure. The test is performed with water with a chloride content < 15 ppm. After passing the hydrostatic pressure test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with a "P".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35638,
"question": "\n\n What should be the insertion length for thermowells or protection tubes in pipes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Generally, it must be ensured that the sensor of the thermometer has the medium flowing past it. This is generally achieved by having the thermowell or protection tube tip in the middle third of the pipeline.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35637,
"question": "\n\n What is the appropriate sensor length for a thermometer within a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For mechanical thermometers, the sensor must have no contact with the bottom of the bore, rather it must be arranged with an air gap of 2-5mm. For electrical thermometers, the sensor is spring-loaded, since the sensor tip must be touching the bottom of the bore, where the sensor yields approximately 2-5mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35635,
"question": "\n\n Why do older thermowell designs often have a spherical tip?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the past, HSS drills were used with a tip angle of 118 ° for the production of thermowells. In order to achieve a possible uniform wall thickness, the tip was ball-shaped or spherical in shape. The current state of production technology enables the use of special deep hole drills, which allow a nearly flat bottom to the bore. For this reason, modern thermowells (eg DIN 43772) with a flat tip shape can be made.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35633,
"question": "\n\n What is meant by double-certified materials, such as "SS 316/316L"?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Dual certified materials fulfil the requirements of the individual materials. The material SS316 has, per ASTM A182, a maximum carbon content of 0.08 %; the material SS316L (L=low carbon) has a maximum carbon content of 0.03 %. Steel alloy, with, for example, C=0.02 %, fulfil both requirements and can be marked with SS316/316L.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35680,
"question": "\n\n What is a reference standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard, in general of the highest available accuracy at a given place or at an organisation which can be used to carry out measurements there.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR36"]
},
"id": 35686,
"question": "\n\n What is the hysteresis?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Two-point control switches the output on or off depending on the deviation form the set point. This means that the output can frequently change with the smallest temperature changes. This can shorten the service life of the output relay and it can have a negative effect on the service life of the power switch. Therefore, a separation is created between the points for switching ON and OFF. This difference between the switching points is known as the hysteresis.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35687,
"question": "\n\n What is the derivative time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The derivative time is the time required when controlling a differential until a ramp deviation corresponds with the control output in proportional control. The longer the derivative time, the stronger is the derivative component of the output signal.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35688,
"question": "\n\n What is the integral time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The integral time is the defined time in which the integrator must reach the value of the step response of the P-controller. The shorter the integral time, the stronger the effect of the integral component. If the integral time is too short, however, this can lead to fluctuations.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35690,
"question": "\n\n What is P-control?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n P-control (proportional control) is used to hold an output in proportion to the deviation between the set point and the actual value.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35691,
"question": "\n\n What is D-control?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n D-function (or derivative control function) is used in order to hold an output in proportion to a time derivative function of the input.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35689,
"question": "\n\n What is a two-point controller?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A two-point controller is a controller that works discontinuously, with two output states. Depending on whether the actual value is above or below the set point, the upper or lower output state is active. Two-point controllers are used when the actuating variable is not a continuous variable, rather it can switch between two states, e.g. On/Off. Though the two-point controller achieves a steady state, it never stops working. With strong changes in the set point it can certainly control quicker than is possible with other control processes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35692,
"question": "\n\n What is a PID controller?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n PID control is a combination of proportional, integral and derivative control. Thus, through proportional control, the temperature is controlled smoothly without fluctuations. Through integral control, automatic offset-matching is made and through derivative control, a fast reaction to external disturbances is possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TF35", "TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35553,
"question": "\n\n How does a resistance thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The electrical resistance of a resistance thermometer's<\/a> sensor changes with the temperature. As the resistance of measuring resistors to EN 60751 (2009-05) increases with rising temperature, we refer to it as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient). Pt100 or Pt1000 measuring resistors are normally used for industrial applications. The thermometers based around EN 60751 are defined in DIN 43735.<\/p> <\/p> \n How does a bimetal thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A strip made from permanently-laminated rolled sheets, made from metals having different coefficients of expansion ("bimetal"), will bend as a result of any temperature changes. The bending is roughly proportional to the change in temperature. For bimetallic strips, two different measurement systems have been developed: helically wound or spirally wound. Through the mechanical deformation of the bimetal spring in either of these spring forms, on any change in temperature a rotational movement occurs. If one end of the bimetal measuring system is fixed securely, the other will rotate a pointer shaft. The scale ranges are between -70 and +600 °C with an accuracy class of 1 and 2 in accordance with EN 13190.
T32: amplifier adjusted to input 10 kΩ to 100 kΩ
Smaller values are measurable, but with less accuracy.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35571,
"question": "\n\n
990.18<\/a>, 990.22<\/a>, 990.24<\/a>, 990.50<\/a>, 990.51<\/a>, 990.52<\/a>, 990.53<\/a>
In-line diaphragm seals:
981.18<\/a>, 981.22<\/a>, 981.50<\/a>, 981.51<\/a>, 981.52<\/a>, 981.53<\/a><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35551,
"question": "\n\n
DN 50 ISO PN 50 = DN 2" Class 300 ASME B16.5
DN 80 ISO PN 20 = DN 3" Class 150 ASME B16.5
DN 80 ISO PN 50 = DN 3" Class 300 ASME B16.5
DN 50 ISO PN 10-40 = DN 50 PN 10-40 EN 1092-1
DN 80 ISO PN 40 = DN 80 PN 40 EN 1092-1<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35547,
"question": "\n\n<\/h2>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35523,
"question": "\n\n
Air data test sets are specifically developed to convert the pressure to be controlled into a height or rate of climb and velocity.
As a result of the high accuracy, control stability and ability to simulate altitude and velocity, an air data test set is particularly suitable as a reference for aircraft workshops and also for instrument manufacturers and calibration laboratories in the aviation industry, in order to make calibrations on sensors and displays.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Pressure controllers", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CPC8000", "CPC2000"]
},
"id": 35745,
"question": "\n\n
<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Hand-helds", "Resistance thermometry bridges", "Reference thermometers", "Mensor - Resistance thermometry bridges", "Mensor - Reference thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35702,
"question": "\n\n
CTS5000<\/p> <\/p>
CT 60.20<\/p> <\/p> <\/p>
<\/p>
SIP and CIP criteria, which are an essential requirement for sanitary applications, are met by using diaphragm seals. These acronyms stand for the sterilisation and cleaning of the wetted parts in the process. The combination of pressure measuring instruments with flush diaphragm seals or in-line diaphragm seals meets the stringent demands made on hygienic instrumentation and is suitable for even the most difficult measuring requirements.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure"],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"branch": ["Water and wastewater"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35863,
"question": "\n\n
Typical liquid gases which are stored in closed vessels are nitrogen, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and nitrous oxide.
The following chart shows the boiling point of these gases at ambient pressure and at 20 bar inside the vessel:
<\/p>
The lowest temperature for liquid technical gases inside a vessel is -196°C of the liquid phase of nitrogen, if there is about 1 bar inside the vessel. If the temperature of the liquid gas inside the vessel increases, then the pressure inside the vessel increases as well.
A vessel for liquid gases always consists of two vessels: one inner vessel and one outer vessel. There is a vacuum between the vessels which are connected by steel rods. The vacuum isolates the inner vessel from the outside temperature to ensure that the temperature of the medium inside the vessel is less influenced by the ambient temperature.
There are two pipes which connect the inner vessel with the pressure gauge mounted outside the vessel. One connects the upper part of the vessel (gaseous phase) with the pressure gauge and the other connects the lower part of the vessel (liquid phase) with the pressure gauge. As soon as the gas in the pipe leaves the outer vessel, that is the isolated area, it will become gaseous.
Within the pipe, the medium will reach the ambient temperature before it reaches the gauge. As a consequence, the lowest medium temperature in the pipe outside the vessel is the ambient temperature. For our Cryo Gauges the lowest permissible ambient temperature is -40°C. The medium is always gaseous when it reaches the pressure gauge.<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Resistance thermometry bridges", "Mensor - Resistance thermometry bridges"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35739,
"question": "\n\n
PRT (Platinum Resistance Thermometer) – RTD using platinum wire for the resistance element
Pt1000 – PRT with 1,000 Ohm at 0 °C.
Pt500 – PRT with 500 Ohm at 0 °C.
Pt100 – PRT with 100 Ohm at 0 °C.
Pt25 – PRT with 25 Ohm at 0 °C.
Pt10 – PRT with 10 Ohm at 0 °C.
SPRT (Standard PRT) - high-stability PRT designed for use as a reference thermometer<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Hand-helds", "Mensor - Resistance thermometry bridges", "Resistance thermometry bridges"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35740,
"question": "\n\n
DC voltage: 0 V … 100 V
DC resistance: 0 Ω … 10 kΩ<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": ["75", "74"]
},
"id": 35746,
"question": "\n\n
Samples for technical applications of the ScrutonWell® design are:
• Industrial chimney’s (air)
• Car antenna’s (air)
• Offshore platforms (water)
• Offshore risers (water)
• Cable of rope bridges (air)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW65", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35799,
"question": "\n\n
• Chimneys
• Antennas
• Offshore platforms
• Offshore risers
• Cable of rope bridges
Additionally, scientific evidence is not possible for the application as a wake frequency calculation does not exist. ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2010 is based on a formula of velocity / thermowell diameter / Strouhal number to determine the vortex shedding frequency. With the strake design it does not have a clearly defined Kármán Vortex street.
WIKA can provide a calculation for the static loading of the thermowell (safety bending and pressure) to ensure it will be suitable for the process, but the VIV is reduced using the design by ASME (greater than 90% reduction) and no dynamic calculation is performed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["55", "74"]
},
"id": 35800,
"question": "\n\n
Since there is no binding instruction (directive) for mechanical thermometers in accordance with DIN EN 13190, such instruments can also be placed on the market without a CE marking.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35743,
"question": "\n\n
Gauge pressure: -1 bar … 8,000 bar
Absolute pressure: 0 bar … 8,001 bar<\/p>
Gauge pressure: -1 bar … 4,000 bar
Absolute pressure: 0 bar … 60 bar<\/p><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level"],
"productline": ["Continuous measurement with float", "IN - Continuous measurement"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["FLM-CA"]
},
"id": 35708,
"question": "\n\n
<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level"],
"productline": ["Glass level gauges"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35712,
"question": "\n\n
BD = Form 5
BE = Form 6
BS = Form 4
CD = Form 8
CE = Form 9
CS = no longer specified
DIN 43763
Form A = Form 1
Form B1-B2-B3-C1-C2 = Form 2G (partial)
D1-D2-D3-D4 = Form 4 and neck tube
Form E1-E2-E3 = Form 3 (partial)
Form F1-F2-F3 = Form 3F (partial)
Form G1-G2-G3 = Form 3G (partial)
previously not standardised: Form 2F, 4F, 7<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35660,
"question": "\n\n
for pressure measuring instruments with an accuracy class of > 0.6 % min. 5 points<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35672,
"question": "\n\n
Zone 0 (Category 1): permanent or long-term danger of explosions
Zone 1 (Category 2): hazardous atmosphere occasionally exists
Zone 2 (Category 3): explosive atmosphere exists only rarely, and then only for a short time
Dusts:
Zones 20, 21, 22 with the same meanings<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35554,
"question": "\n\n
<\/p>
(The values given above always apply to the vibration load directly at the measuring resistor.)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35565,
"question": "\n\n
D=6 mm : 0.1 Ohm/m = 0.25 K/m (measuring error)
(D=external diameter of the MI cable)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35600,
"question": "\n\n
On these grounds, all components in the control circuit (sensor, logic, actuator) must have a SIL classification.
The control circuit (safety loop), through special parameters (SFF, PFD, FIT), can have its Failure Probability evaluated.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Process transmitters"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR36"]
},
"id": 35587,
"question": "\n\n
Upper output limit in accordance with NAMUR is 20.5 mA (other value possible)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35586,
"question": "\n\n
NAMUR Upscale: 21.5 mA<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35584,
"question": "\n\n
Thermocouple connection is always 2-wire. (Caution: do not swap over the plus and minus!)
No sensor short circuit monitoring is available (only sensor break monitoring)
Transmitters with galvanic isolation are strongly recommended (WIKA Models T12, T32, T53).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TIF11"]
},
"id": 35581,
"question": "\n\n
Digital transmitters have processors. The output signal can, however, be a 4 ... 20 mA analogue signal for both types.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TIF11"]
},
"id": 35579,
"question": "\n\n
By May 2009, with the introduction of the new DIN EN 60751, there was no standardised accuracy class better than Class A. Some manufacturers of resistance thermometers (including WIKA) have used these terms in order to supply customers with thermometers with a higher accuracy than Class A.What initially presented itself as a useful addition to traditional standard designation has proved to be, on closer inspection, woefully inadequate.
The typical question "1/3 DIN from what?" can be answered by the phrase "from Class B". Unfortunately defining "1/3 DIN B" makes the situation even less clear.
There are actually two ways of looking at this additional definition "from Class B".
1.) One fixes the increased accuracy to a specific temperature point: 1/3 DIN B at 0 °C.
2.) One defines a range in which this accuracy is valid: 1/3 DIN B 0 ... 50 °C.
The representation described in 2) carries an additional uncertainty. If one uses a Class B measuring resistance, so its characteristic curve has a defined pitch. In the example of 0 .. 50 ° C, a Class A measuring resistor would already deliver, at about 20 °C, a better result than 1/3 DIN B. Result: one must use a Class A measuring resistor here.. All of this "nebulosity" has ultimately led to the introduction of a new accuracy class. Since May 2009 the Class AA has been included in DIN EN 60751, which - now that it is standardised - makes the 1/3 DIN description superfluous.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35576,
"question": "\n\n
Class AA ± (0,1+0,0017 * t)
Class A ± (0,15+0,002 * t)
Class B ± (0,3+0,005 * t)
Class C ± (0,6+0,01 * t)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TC85", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35574,
"question": "\n\n
Since electrical thermometers are normally connected to a measuring instrument or evaluation unit, it is only possible to calibrate the entire measuring chain.
Measuring inserts can, however, be subjected to a design test with a design test certificate.
Application area: e.g. resistance thermometers for mineral oil meters.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-A", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35573,
"question": "\n\n
Ø 6 mm 1xTyp K, ungrounded: t0,5<\/sub> = 3,3 sec. t0,9<\/sub> = 7,9 sec.
Ø 6 mm 1xTyp K, grounded: t0,5<\/sub> = 1,1 sec. t0,9<\/sub> = 3,5 sec.
Ø 6 mm 1xPt100, thin-film sensor: t0,5<\/sub> = 8,9 sec. t0,9<\/sub> = 22,7 sec.
Ø 6 mm 1xPt100, wire wound sensor: t0,5<\/sub> = 7,1 sec. t0,9<\/sub> = 20,2 sec.
Range of tolerance: +/-10 %<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Petrochemical industry", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TC85"]
},
"id": 35572,
"question": "\n\n
In Type K thermocouples high temperatures can result in substantial changes to the thermal voltage due to chrome depletion in the NiCr leg, leading to a lower thermal voltage.
This effect is accelerated if there is a shortage of oxygen, since a complete oxide layer, which would protect it from further oxidation, cannot be formed on the surface of the thermocouple. Chromium is oxidised, while nickel isn't. This results in the so-called "green rot", destroying the thermocouple.When NiCr-Ni thermocouples that have been operating above 700 °C are cooled quickly, this cooling causes certain states in the crystalline structure (short-range order) to freeze, which in Type K thermocouples can result in a change of the thermal voltage of up to 0.8 mV (K effect).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TG53", "TG54", "TR45"]
},
"id": 35568,
"question": "\n\n
for liquid media: 5 ... 10 x protection tube diameter
for solid media: 3 ... 5 x protection tube diameter
(these standard values are only valid for static mediaThe gap between the protection tube and measuring insert should be < 0.5mm)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Food and beverages", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Semiconductor industry", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35567,
"question": "\n\n
<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n
1. Ratio of the volume of the probe (tube) to the measuring line and Bourdon tube (rule-of-thumb: 99:1)
2. Length of the measuring line (capillary) - the longer it is, the more the influence
3. Magnitude of the ambient temperature (value), high temperatures cause an offset in the display, low temperatures cause a reduction
Possibilities for compensation:
1. via a bimetal compensation spring (opposed to the pointer direction)
2. via error adjustment (only possible if the ambient temperature is known and constant)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"branch": [],
"type": ["75", "74"]
},
"id": 35623,
"question": "\n\n
for pressure measuring instruments with an accuracy class of > 0.6 % every 2 years
for pressure balances, every 5 years.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35651,
"question": "\n\n
Sealing faces with a standard roughness "Stock Finish" 125-250 AARH to B16.5
RFSF - Raised Face Smooth Finish:
< 125 AARH (not defined in B16.5)
RTJ - Ring Joint Groove/RJF Ring Joint Face < 63 AARH to B16.5
Obsolete descriptions were in accordance with ANSI:
- Stock Finish 250-500 AARH
- Smooth Finish 125 -250 AARH
- Mirror Finish
- Cold water finish
without definition of the roughness.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Refrigeration technology", "Industrial Gases", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35685,
"question": "\n\n
- a working standard is usually calibrated by means of a reference standard
- a working standard usually used for guaranteeing that measurements are carried out correctly is called a test standard.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration", "SF6<\/sub> gas solutions"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35679,
"question": "\n\n
Positive or negative gauge pressure: -1 … +8,000 bar
Absolute pressure: 0 … 8,001 bar
Differential pressure: 0 ... 10 bar at a stat. pressure of 250 bar
Temperature: -196 ... +1,200 °C<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable pressure generation", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Mensor - Pressure generators"],
"branch": ["Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Linear drives", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CPP1000-L", "CPP1000-M"]
},
"id": 35670,
"question": "\n\n
e.g. for a temperature range of
-35…165°C Material = aluminium
40…650°C Material = brass
200…1100°C Material = Inconel<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35667,
"question": "\n\n
- Temperature
- Pressure
- Flow rate
- Density of the medium
- Insertion length
- Ø of the bore
- Root diameter
- Tip diameter
- Tip thickness
- Interior diameter of the adapter
- Height of the adapter
Further information can be found in our Technical Information IN 00.15 "Strength calculation for thermowells" in the download area of www.wika.de.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"branch": ["Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology", "Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Oil and gas (up-, mid- and downstream)", "Water and wastewater", "Petrochemical industry", "Linear drives", "Food and beverages", "Chemical industry", "Power generation"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35649,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"branch": ["Heating, ventilation and air handling", "Refrigeration technology"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "TG53", "TG54", "A46", "TGS55"]
},
"id": 35607,
"question": "\n\n
\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n