\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n
![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ILTgNUow3i4/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35524,
"question": "\n\nWhen must there be a CE mark on the dial?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
When the measuring instrument falls under the scope of the pressure equipment directive (PED; ≥ 2,900 psi / 200 bar), EMC directive (e.g. intelliGAUGE) or the low voltage directive (e.g. 821 or 851 contacts).<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "], "productline": ["Pressure gauges"], "type": ["713.12", "731.12", "711.12", "733.02"] }, "id": 35527, "question": "\n\n
Why must the differential pressure in model 7 differential pressure gauges with bourdon tubes not be allowed to be less than 1/6 of the full scale value?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
For model 7 differential pressure gauges, the static pressure is the same as the full scale value over 270 degrees of rotation. With an expected differential pressure of 15 psi (1 bar) at a static pressure of 145 psi (10 bar), the two hands would only be separated from each other at a distance of approximately 27 degrees. As a result of this, to ensure that readability is still acceptable, the differential pressure should not drop below 1/6 of full scale (approx. 45 degrees).<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "], "productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"], "type": ["332.30", "633.34", "612.34", "633.50", "332.50", "232.50", "333.30", "232.30", "333.50", "232.36", "232.34", "233.50", "432.50", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "233.34", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "233.36", "PGS26.100", "PGS26.160", "432.36", "233.30", "432.56", "632.34", "632.50", "433.50"] }, "id": 35526, "question": "\n\n
What is the difference between a standard pressure gauge and a safety pattern version?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
A safety version (code S3 per EN 837) has an additional solid baffle wall welded between the dial and the measuring system. In addition, the case has a back wall that can blow out completely. The window is typically made of laminated safety glass. If a pressure builds up in the housing (e.g. from a rupture in the Bourdon tube), this pressure will exhaust completely through the back wall, which is then ejected from the case by the pressure. A release of pressure through the window cannot occur, so there is no risk to personnel through splinters of flying glass. At WIKA these instruments are specially marked on the dial with an "S" in the circle.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : [], "productline": [], "type": [] }, "id": 35523, "question": "\n\n
Can I use a window over an ambient temperature of 60 °C?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
Windows cannot be used at ambient temperatures of over 60 °C, because the plastic parts such as the sealing underneath the glass and the overpressure plug are not designed for higher temperatures. For temperatures up to 60 °C a transparent polycarbonate can be used.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "], "productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"], "type": ["432.30", "PG21HD", "332.30", "APGT43.100", "333.30", "PGT23.063", "232.30", "233.36", "233.30", "232.36", "APGT43.160", "433.30"] }, "id": 35522, "question": "\n\n
Why can some pressure gauges only be used up to an ambient temperature of 60 °C [140 °F]?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
If the window of the pressure gauge is made from safety glass, then it can only be used up to an ambient temperature of 60 °C [140 °F]. The safety glass is made from two glass discs. These glass discs are stuck together using a foil. If the temperature rises above 60 °C [140 °F], then the foil blisters. Consequently, the scale will no longer be able to be read reliably.<\/p>\n" }, { "filterCategories": { "measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "], "productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"], "type": ["332.30", "633.34", "612.34", "APGT43.100", "APGT43.160", "232.50", "262.30", "333.30", "232.30", "232.36", "232.34", "262.50", "233.50", "432.50", "PGS23.063", "PGS23.160", "233.34", "PGT23.063", "PGS23.100", "233.36", "PGS26.100", "PGS26.160", "432.36", "233.30", "263.30", "432.56", "263.50", "632.34", "PGS43.160", "433.50", "PGS43.100"] }, "id": 35521, "question": "\n\n
What can I do if the medium temperature with filled-gauges is over 100 °C [212 °F]?<\/p>\n", "answer": "\n\n
You can use a pressure gauge syphon<\/a>, a diaphragm seal or a capillary line as an additional cooling element in order to lower the medium temperature.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["PGT01", "PGT23.063", "APGT43.160", "APGT43.100"]
},
"id": 35519,
"question": "\n\n Can the span of a pressure gauge from the PGT family be set by the user?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The span cannot be altered by the user. During production we can, however, provide any required span, even non-linear, for the electronics. Inverted, square or square-root signals are also possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35534,
"question": "\n\n How does the measuring system for Model 7 differential pressure gauges with diaphragms behave outside the full scale value?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The plus or minus-sided overpressure safety, up to the maximum working pressure (PN40, PN100, PN250, PN400), is achieved through the metallic measuring element support surface arrangement. Pressures within the permissible overload range leave no lasting damage on the measuring system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35533,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between DIN 19213 and EN 61518?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n None.<\/p> The mounting threads have the standard dimensions 7/16-20 UNF. The fixing bores on the valve manifold were changed from Ø12.5^H13 to Ø11.8^+0.2. The highest permissible pressure of the pressure measuring instrument was increased from 400 bar to 413 bar.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges"],
"type": ["716.11", "736.11"]
},
"id": 35532,
"question": "\n\n Why are the model 736.11 and 736.51 not generally suitable for aggressive media?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The low-pressure (minus side) enters the interior of the display case and thus the dial (Al), pointer (Al), window, etc. are wetted. Only the plus side, which is made up of the capsule gauge interior, is manufactured from stainless steel and is thus resistant to aggressive media.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["736.11", "716.11", "IV5", "IV2", "IV3"]
},
"id": 35531,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a three or five-way valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n These pressure-equalising valves (with integrated shut-off, purge and vent valves) enable the pressure gauge to be vented on one or both sides and the supply line to be purged.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["736.11", "IV1", "716.11", "IV2"]
},
"id": 35530,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a three-way valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With upstream pressure equalising valves it is possible to achieve uniform pressure loading from the plus and minus side, to avoid single-sided overpressure loading during both start-up and operation, and also to enable zero point checks during operation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Valves and protective devices", "Pressure gauges"],
"type": ["736.11", "IV1", "716.11", "IV2"]
},
"id": 35529,
"question": "\n\n What is the function of a single-valve block?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With upstream pressure equalising valves it is possible to achieve uniform pressure loading from the plus and minus side, to avoid single-sided overpressure loading during both start-up and operation, and also to enable zero point checks during operation.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal", "Contact pressure gauges"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35528,
"question": "\n\n What happens when a model 7 differential pressure gauge with separation diaphragms made of elastomers is operated below the ambient temperature specified in the data sheet?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Below the permissible ambient temperatures, the accuracy deteriorates significantly, since the diaphragm (which is either made of FPM / FKM or NBR) stiffens at low temperatures.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": ["DSS34M", "DSS22F", "990.PF", "M932.D1", "L990.57", "DSS22T", "DSS10M", "990.FD", "DSS27T", "990.FB", "DSS26T", "990.49", "L990.SD", "DSS19F", "981.SY", "DSS18F", "DSS26M", "M933.25", "910.ZA", "M932.2C", "DSS19T", "M932.3A", "981.31", "L990.58", "DSS27M", "990.45", "DSS34T", "M933.3A", "990.FC", "990.FA", "M932.25", "M932.DD", "M933.D1", "DSS10T", "990.14", "990.48", "DMSU21SA", "990.TC", "990.FR"]
},
"id": 35543,
"question": "\n\n When are diaphragm seals used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For the user, diaphragm seals enable the use of pressure measuring instruments of all sorts also able to be used for the harshest of applications. Examples: What does LPG mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n LPG is the abbreviation for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (main constituents are Butane and Propane), which is derived from crude oil and is liquefied through relatively low pressures. Often LPG is also known as Autogas.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35541,
"question": "\n\n What does LNG mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n LNG is the abbreviation for Liquefied Natural Gas, also Natural Gas (main constituent Methane), that is liquefied through low temperatures and relatively low pressures and stored and transported in cryotanks.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35540,
"question": "\n\n What does CNG mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n CNG is the abbreviation for Compressed Natural Gas, also Natural Gas (main constituent Methane), that is stored and transported under high pressure in gas cylinders.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["233.50", "232.50", "233.50SUBSEA", "233.34", "262.30", "263.30", "232.34", "262.50", "233.34SUBSEA", "263.50"]
},
"id": 35539,
"question": "\n\n Does the height above sea level have any effect on the measuring result of relative pressure measuring instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No, this has no effect, since it is always the pressure differential from ambient that is measured.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure sensors", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["A-1200"]
},
"id": 35538,
"question": "\n\n When should a restrictor be used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For pressure spikes or sudden pressure loading and unloading.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["PGT01", "262.30", "CPG1200", "263.30", "262.50", "263.50"]
},
"id": 35537,
"question": "\n\n What is the Accuracy class?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The Accuracy class gives the error limits in percent of the measuring span.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Pressure gauges", "Contact pressure gauges", "Pressure gauges with output signal"],
"type": ["432.50", "432.36", "433.50", "PGS43.160", "432.56", "PGS43.100"]
},
"id": 35536,
"question": "\n\n Which instruments are suitable for liquids with small measuring ranges?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm pressure gauges up to 0.23 psi (16 mbar) are suitable for liquids (through self-emptying of the pressure chamber).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": ["981.51", "981.31", "981.27", "981.SY", "981.10", "DSS26T"]
},
"id": 35545,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm in-line seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The diaphragm in-line seal is perfectly suited for use with flowing media. With the seal being completely integrated into the process line, measurements are not affected by any turbulence, corners, dead spaces or other obstructions in the flow direction. The medium flows unhindered and effects the self-cleaning of the measuring chamber.<\/p> The diaphragm seal consists of a cylindrical cover component which contains a welded-in thin-wall round-pipe diaphragm. This makes the designing of special measuring point connections unnecessary.<\/p> Different nominal widths allow the in-line diaphragm seals to be adapted to the corresponding pipe cross-section.<\/p> The pressure range goes up to a maximum of 400 bar for PN 6 ... PN 400 flange connections, with the normal temperature limit being at +752 °F (+400 °C).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35548,
"question": "\n\n How thick is the PTFE coating on the diaphragm?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n 0.25 mm<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35551,
"question": "\n\n What is the accuracy of a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The accuracy depends, first and foremost, on the attached measuring instrument (i.e, an attached pressure gauge with a Class 1.0 gives an accuracy of the seal system of 1 % at reference conditions). At best, it can be 0.1 %. There are also temperature effects, which can be calculated with the DSC program (Diaphragm Seal Calculation program).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"type": ["DMSU21SA", "DSS22T", "DSS22F", "DSS22P"]
},
"id": 35552,
"question": "\n\n Which diaphragm seals are EHEDG certified?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals: In-line diaphragm seals: How can one cross-reference flanges to ISO 7005-1 to EN and ASME?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n What is the total layer thickness (primer and coating) of the PFA coating on the diaphragm of diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The total layer thickness of the PFA coating on the diaphragm of diaphragm seals is:<\/p> Why is the PTFE version limited to a maximum of 260 °C at ≤ 100 bar?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n PTFE “flows”. Therefore the maximum pressure and temperature is reduced.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals"],
"type": ["990.36", "990.34", "970.10", "970.11", "970.12", "990.31", "990.40"]
},
"id": 35546,
"question": "\n\n What is a capsule-type diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This type is especially suitable for heterogeneous media, since it is inserted directly into the medium. It has a particularly small space requirement in comparison to other diaphragm seals. The pressure is captured 'at a point'. The seal consists of an oval tube, closed at one end, as a pressure sensor and a connector part welded to it. To stabilise it, the sensor is mounted to a fitting. The adaptation to the measuring point is made using female or male threads.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": ["DSS34M", "DSS22F", "990.PF", "M932.D1", "L990.57", "DSS22T", "DSS10M", "990.FD", "DSS27T", "990.FB", "DSS22P", "DSS26T", "990.49", "L990.SD", "DSS19F", "981.SY", "DSS18F", "DSS26M", "M933.25", "910.ZA", "M932.2C", "DSS19T", "M932.3A", "981.31", "L990.58", "DSS25TC", "DSS27M", "DSS34T", "M933.3A", "990.FC", "990.FA", "M932.25", "M932.DD", "990.16", "M933.D1", "DSS10T", "990.14", "990.48", "990.TC", "990.FR"]
},
"id": 35544,
"question": "\n\n What is a diaphragm seal?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals are mounted to existing connections. Usually the connections consist of T-pieces which are integrated into a pipeline, or of welding sockets which are welded to a pipeline, the process reactor or a tank.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TF35", "TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35553,
"question": "\n\n How does a resistance thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The electrical resistance of a resistance thermometer's<\/a> sensor changes with the temperature. As the resistance of measuring resistors to EN 60751 (2009-05) increases with rising temperature, we refer to it as PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient). Pt100 or Pt1000 measuring resistors are normally used for industrial applications. The thermometers based around EN 60751 are defined in DIN 43735.<\/p> <\/p> \n What are mineral-insulated (MI) cables?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Mineral-insulated cables for resistance thermometers consist of one or more copper wires that are embedded in highly-compacted magnesium oxide and sheathed in casing tube made from, for example, 1.4571 stainless steel. For thermocouples, instead of copper wires, thermocouple cables suitable for the thermocouple type are used. The most common standard sheath material for thermocouples is Inconel 2.4816.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TF35", "TR45", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35560,
"question": "\n\n What are 2-, 3- and 4-wire circuits?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n They describe the number of wires with which the measuring resistor (e.g. a Pt100) is connected. While with the simplest 2-wire connection, the lead resistance can falsify the measuring result, this negative influence can be compensated within the 3- or 4-wire connection, and thus the accuracy of the measurement improved.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TF35", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35557,
"question": "\n\n What does "Pt100" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pt stands for Platinum with a nominal resistance of 100 Ohm at 0 °C (EN 60751).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers", "Process transmitters"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TR20", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2"]
},
"id": 35556,
"question": "\n\n What do the designations of Temperature Class mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The ignition temperature is the lowest temperature at which an inflammable mixture of gases can ignite at a flame, a hot surface or otherwise generated spark. Gases and vapours are divided into Classes in which the temperature of the surface must always be lower than that of the mixture. (T1 > 450 °C, T2 > 300 °C, T3 > 200 °C, T4 > 135 °C, T5 > 100 °C, T6 > 85 °C)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers", "Temperature transmitters", "Process transmitters"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TIF11", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR20", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2", "TC10-4", "TC15-2", "TC10-2", "TC10-3"]
},
"id": 35555,
"question": "\n\n What do the Zones in explosion protection mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gases:<\/p> Dusts:<\/p> What does "Intercrystalline corrosion" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n IC (Intercrystalline Corrosion) is a form of corrosion that can occur in most alloys at the appropriate conditions. It is also known as "grain disintegration" or "chromium depletion". The corrosion takes place along the grain boundaries.<\/p> In steels alloyed with chromium, the chromium contained in the material combines on heating (often while welding) with the carbon to form chromium carbide. Thus the chromium is no longer available for corrosion protection (formation of a passive layer) in the heated area. This occurs particularly in high-carbon steels.<\/p> With corrosion-resistant steels, such as 1.4571 (AISI 316Ti), the binding of carbon with titanium or niobium to niobium or titanium carbide (stabilised steels) or lowering the carbon content, e.g. 1.4404 (AISI 316L) acts against IC. These measures prevent the harmful reduction of chromium content along the grain boundaries.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35567,
"question": "\n\n What are the Callendar-van Dusen coefficients and how do I calculate these?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The Callendar-van Dusen coefficients are used to describe a polynomial function of the actual characteristic of a platinum measuring resistor. This can be stored in a transmitter and thus increases the accuracy of the entire measuring chain.<\/p> To calculate the Callendar-van Dusen equation in the temperature range over 0 °C, the resistance at 0 °C and two other test temperatures are collected by comparative measurements. Hence, the A and B constants are calculated.<\/p> For the negative temperature range, the inclusion of a measured value for another test temperature is needed in order to determine the D constant. One can, however, represent the characteristic curve of the platinum measuring resistor just as well mathematically using the polynomial equation per DIN EN 60751 with the constants A, B and C (see also WIKA data sheet IN 00.17<\/a>, page 4) and also determine these by calculation from the measurement of 3 (or 4 at t < 0 °C) test temperatures. Similarly, one can convert the constants A, B, C into the Callendar-van Dusen constants.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TG53", "TG54", "TR45"]
},
"id": 35568,
"question": "\n\n What minimum insertion lengths are recommended, as a rough guide, for protection tubes in order to minimise the heat dissipation error?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n (These standard values are only valid for static media. The gap between the protection tube and measuring insert should be < 0.5 mm.)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-2", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35569,
"question": "\n\n What is green rot?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermocouples are subject to ageing and change their temperature/thermal voltage characteristic.<\/p> In Type K thermocouples high temperatures can result in substantial changes to the thermal voltage due to chrome depletion in the NiCr leg, leading to a lower thermal voltage.<\/p> This effect is accelerated if there is a shortage of oxygen, since a complete oxide layer, which would protect it from further oxidation, cannot be formed on the surface of the thermocouple. Chromium is oxidised, while nickel isn't. This results in the so-called "green rot", destroying the thermocouple.When NiCr-Ni thermocouples that have been operating above 700 °C are cooled quickly, this cooling causes certain states in the crystalline structure (short-range order) to freeze, which in Type K thermocouples can result in a change of the thermal voltage of up to 0.8 mV (K effect).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35566,
"question": "\n\n How high is the permissible vibration loading for WIKA-Pt100 probes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The standard WIKA measuring insert allows use up to 3 g (amplitude). This corresponds to a loading of 6 g, peak to peak, per DIN EN 60751 (58.86 m/s2<\/sup>).<\/p> In EN 60751, only 20-30 m/s2<\/sup> peak-to-peak is specified (1 g = 9.81 m/s2<\/sup>). The vibration-resistant design is suitable for up to 20 g peak-to-peak. Special designs, on request, up to 50 g are possible.<\/p> (The values given above always apply to the vibration load directly at the measuring resistor.)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35565,
"question": "\n\n Why should Pt100 measuring circuits with reduced tolerance class A or AA per DIN EN 60751 be used in at least a 3- or 4-wire connection?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The 2-wire connection is not permissible for classes A and AA per DIN EN 60751 since here, the internal lead resistance of the wires is added to the measured value. This will usually exceed the specified tolerance for the temperature sensor.<\/p> A measurement of the cable resistance at room temperature and adjusting this in the transmitter (for example) is possible, but the temperature-dependent resistance of the inner conductor of the cable would still be added to the reading as an error.<\/p> Conclusion: A 2-wire circuit is not suitable for accurate temperature measurement.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35564,
"question": "\n\n How large is the measuring error caused by the internal lead resistance with a Pt100 built into an MI cable with Cu internal wires in a 2-wire connection?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n D = 3 mm : 0.28 Ohm/m = 0.7 K/m (measuring error) How thick is the wall thickness of an MI cable?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Most manufacturers give a minimum wall thickness which corresponds to 10 % of the external diameter of the MI cable.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TC10-D", "TC15-2", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR10-J", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35562,
"question": "\n\n What is the permissible minimum bending radius for an MI cable?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n VDI/VDE 3511 Sheet 2 recommends a radius of curvature R of ≥ 5 x D (D=external diameter of the MI cable), some manufacturers of MI cable even give ≥ 3 x D as the minimum bending radius.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC85"]
},
"id": 35572,
"question": "\n\n What measures should be taken with the installation of high-temperature probes with ceramic protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Installation and removal should be carried out slowly and gradually, in order to prevent the ceramic protection tube being destroyed by internal thermal stresses. This must be either preheated or slowly inserted, e.g. 1 ... 2 cm/min for temperatures to 1,600 °C and 10 ... 20 cm/min at 1,200 °C.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35578,
"question": "\n\n What effect does poor insulation resistance have?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with DIN EN 60751 section 6.3.1 the insulation resistance between each measuring circuit and the sheath, at a minimum test voltage of 100 V DC, must not be less than 100 MOhm.<\/p> Should the insulation resistance be too low, a measuring error occurs that causes the display of too low a temperature. In relation to a resistance thermometer (with sheathed cable) this results, with an insulation resistance of 100 kOhm, in a display error up to 0.25 Ohm and at 25 kOhm up to 1 Ohm.<\/p> On all WIKA resistance thermometers, an insulation test with 500 V DC and an insulation resistance of > 1,000 MOhm is carried out, i.e. we test to a factor of 50 better than specified by the standard.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35577,
"question": "\n\n What does the designation "1/3 DIN" mean with resistance thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n IMPORTANT<\/strong>: The terms 1/3 DIN, and also 1/5 DIN and 1/10 DIN, have NOT been STANDARDISED!<\/p> By May 2009, with the introduction of the new DIN EN 60751, there was no standardised accuracy class better than Class A. Some manufacturers of resistance thermometers (including WIKA) have used these terms in order to supply customers with thermometers with a higher accuracy than Class A. What initially presented itself as a useful addition to traditional standard designation has proved to be, on closer inspection, woefully inadequate.<\/p> The typical question "1/3 DIN from what?" can be answered by the phrase "from Class B". Unfortunately defining "1/3 DIN B" makes the situation even less clear.<\/p> There are actually two ways of looking at this additional definition "from Class B":<\/p> The representation described in 2.) carries an additional uncertainty. If one uses a Class B measuring resistance, so its characteristic curve has a defined pitch. In the example of 0 ... 50 °C, a Class A measuring resistor would already deliver, at about 20 °C, a better result than 1/3 DIN B.<\/p> Result<\/strong>: one must use a Class A measuring resistor here. All of this "nebulosity" has ultimately led to the introduction of a new accuracy class. Since May 2009 the Class AA has been included in DIN EN 60751, which - now that it is standardised - makes the 1/3 DIN description superfluous.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR58", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR45", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35576,
"question": "\n\n Why has there been, for some time, a separation between the accuracy classes for "wire-wound resistance" and "film resistance" Pt100 measuring resistors?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the past, no distinction had been made between the two basic types of measuring resistor and their temperature limits. Practice, however, showed that film resistors (thin-film/chipset resistors) have a (not insignificant) deviation form the characteristic. This behaviour has been accommodated in DIN EN 60751:2009-5 through the splitting of the temperature ranges within the individual accuracy classes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35575,
"question": "\n\n How is the accuracy class calculated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Per DIN EN 60751 Point 5.1.3 Table 3 in °C<\/p> Class AA ± (0.1+0.0017 * t) Can electrical thermometers be calibrated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n It is not possible to calibrate resistance thermometers (e.g. measuring inserts).<\/p> Since electrical thermometers are normally connected to a measuring instrument or evaluation unit, it is only possible to calibrate the entire measuring chain.<\/p> Measuring inserts can, however, be subjected to a design test with a design test certificate.<\/p> Application area: e.g. resistance thermometers for mineral oil meters.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-A", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35573,
"question": "\n\n What are the response times of the various measuring inserts?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measurement of the response time is carried out in flowing water in accordance with DIN EN 60751 and VDI / VDE 3522.<\/p> Range of tolerance: ±10 %<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35571,
"question": "\n\n Can I replace U and L thermocouples per DIN 43710 with Type T and J thermocouples per DIN IEC 60584?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. Type T and J themocouples have a different thermal voltage characteristic, which would lead to a measuring error. Type U and Type L thermocouples should only be delivered as replacement parts in old installations. With the construction of new plant, these are no longer permitted.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TC85", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35570,
"question": "\n\n What is thermal voltage (or the Seebeck effect)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The effect, named after Thomas Johann Seebeck, describes the fact that an electric voltage exists when two different metallic conductors are connected at two different points, if there is a temperature difference between the connected and the open end of the "thermocouple".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35583,
"question": "\n\n What should be considered when measuring level with transmitters (potentiometers)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n What is the value of the current at the output limits in accordance with NAMUR?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Lower output limit in accordance with NAMUR is 3.8 mA (other value possible) What happens with a high ambient temperature > 85 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n High TC error and damage to the electronic components.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35580,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between analogue and digital transmitters?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n At WIKA, analogue transmitters have analogue electronics fitted but no processors.<\/p> Digital transmitters have processors. The output signal can, however, be a 4 ... 20 mA analogue signal for both types.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TIF11"]
},
"id": 35581,
"question": "\n\n What is galvanic isolation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n An isolation of the signal between the signal side and the output side (e.g. through coils).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TC85"]
},
"id": 35582,
"question": "\n\n What should be considered when measuring temperature with thermocouples?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For temperature measurement using thermocouples, a reference value is always needed and/or a compensation must be made. Thus, there is a sensor built into the digital transmitter (Pt100) which measures the terminal temperature (ambient temperature). (cold junction, CJC, cold junction compensation).<\/p> Thermocouple connection is always 2-wire. (Caution: do not swap over the plus and minus!)<\/p> No sensor short circuit monitoring is available (only sensor break monitoring).<\/p> Transmitters with galvanic isolation are strongly recommended (WIKA Models T12, T32, T53).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35584,
"question": "\n\n What is 'signalling'?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The signalling shows possible error conditions (e.g. sensor burn-out).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Process transmitters", "Temperature transmitters"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35585,
"question": "\n\n What are the signalling values in accordance with NAMUR?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n NAMUR Downscale: 3.5 mA What do "output limits" mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Up to these signal limits, a measuring signal is generated.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "TG53", "TG54", "A46", "TGS55"]
},
"id": 35607,
"question": "\n\n How does a bimetal thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A strip made from permanently-laminated rolled sheets, made from metals having different coefficients of expansion ("bimetal"), will bend as a result of any temperature changes. The bending is roughly proportional to the change in temperature.<\/p> For bimetallic strips, two different measurement systems have been developed: helically wound or spirally wound.<\/p> Through the mechanical deformation of the bimetal spring in either of these spring forms, on any change in temperature a rotational movement occurs. If one end of the bimetal measuring system is fixed securely, the other will rotate a pointer shaft. The scale ranges are between -70 °C and +600 °C with an accuracy class of 1 and 2 in accordance with EN 13190.<\/p> <\/p> \n To which standard are gas actuated thermometers and bimetal thermometers manufactured?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gas actuated thermometers and bimetal thermometers<\/a> are manufactured to EN 13190. If electrical connectors are built in, DIN 16196 applies.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35600,
"question": "\n\n What is a micro switch?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n By a micro switch, one refers to an electrical switch whose contacts, when open, have a maximum clearance of 3 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35594,
"question": "\n\n What does the abbreviation TGT stand for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Model TGT (Temperature Gauge Transmitter) instruments are mechatronic temperature measuring instruments which display the temperature without needing external power, and simultaneously generate an electrical output signal.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35593,
"question": "\n\n What function does the Hall sensor provide in intelliTHERM instruments?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The magnetic field that affects the Hall sensor comes from a moving permanent magnet, that is arranged at a fixed distance from the Hall sensor. Thus the angle of rotation of the permanent magnet in relation to the Hall sensor can be measured. In intelliTHERM instruments, a permanent magnet is fixed on the pointer, central to the pointer shaft. When the pointer turns, the magnet turns with it. Thus the angle of the field lines, which run between the two poles of the magnet, changes relative to the Hall sensor. Since for each angle of the field lines to the Hall sensor there is a different field strength, the Hall sensor generates a Hall voltage that is proportional to the angle of rotation of the pointer and thus proportional to the temperature.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters"],
"type": ["TIF11"]
},
"id": 35590,
"question": "\n\n What are Profibus / FOUNDATION Fieldbus?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Profibus / FOUNDATION fieldbus are digital output signal protocols.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-0"]
},
"id": 35589,
"question": "\n\n What are the special features of the T32 SIL transmitter?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n It has had a FMEDA analysis carried out on it. The T32 has been developed in accordance with IEC 61508 and has been manufactured accordingly. The T32 operates exclusively with active write protection.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Thermocouples"],
"type": ["TC10-0", "TIF11"]
},
"id": 35588,
"question": "\n\n What does 'SIL' mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n SIL (Safety Integrity Level) refers to the standards IEC 61508 / IEC 61511 and describes instruments, which are used for safety-critical applications. In the event of an emergency, they must react safely and place the control circuit into a safe state.<\/p> On these grounds, all components in the control circuit (sensor, logic, actuator) must have a SIL classification.<\/p> The control circuit (safety loop), through special parameters (SFF, PFD, FIT), can have its Failure Probability evaluated.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["IFC"]
},
"id": 35609,
"question": "\n\n How does an expansion thermometer work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measured value registration is made through the liquid-filled measuring system which consists of a temperature probe, capillary, and Bourdon tube.<\/p> All three components combine to form a closed tube system. The internal pressure in the system changes with the adjacent temperature. This causes the pointer axis connected to the spring to turn and the temperature value to be displayed on the scale.<\/p> The capillary, with lengths between 500 mm and 10,000 mm also enables measurements to be made on remote measuring points. The scale ranges are between -40 °C and +400 °C with accuracy classes 1 and 2 in accordance with EN 13190.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["TGS73", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35611,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping in gas actuated thermometers then possible with medium temperatures over 250 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since only the housing is filled, and thus the medium temperature cannot be transferred to the fill fluid, all temperature ranges from -200 °C ... 700 °C are possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "A48"]
},
"id": 35614,
"question": "\n\n Why is the bending on temperature rises not linear over the entire temperature range?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the specific thermal expansion coefficient of the bimetallic components is temperature dependent.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["55", "TGS73", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35613,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping an advantage with high vibration?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the pointer is damped and the temperature can be read better.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["55", "75", "74"]
},
"id": 35612,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping an advantage with negative ambient temperatures?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since with unfilled instruments, there can be a possible build-up of condensing water, the window can become steamed up. This is not possible in filled instruments.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["55", "TG53", "TG54"]
},
"id": 35610,
"question": "\n\n Why is liquid damping in bimetal thermometers only possible up to medium temperatures of 250 °C?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the filling liquid (silicone oil) in the complete thermometer (i.e. it is also present in the stem) this means the filling liquid is heated to the temperature of the medium. This can lead to fire in the silicone oil.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["75", "74", "TI.TSG60", "TI.R45", "TI.R60", "TI.T17/TI.T20"]
},
"id": 35608,
"question": "\n\n How does a gas actuated thermometer operate?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The measuring system of the dial thermometerconsists of a stem, capillary and Bourdon tube in the casing. These parts are combined to form a single unit.<\/p> The entire measuring system is filled with an inert gas under pressure. A change in temperature will cause a change in internal pressure in the stem. The pressure deforms the measuring spring and the deflection is transferred to the pointer via a dial movement.<\/p> Fluctuations in ambient temperature affecting the casing can be neglected, as a bimetal compensation element is fitted between the dial movement and the measuring spring. The scale ranges are between -200 °C and +700 °C with an accuracy class 1 in accordance with EN 13190.<\/p> <\/p> \n Does the ambient temperature have any influence on the measuring tube within the case of the gas-actuated instrument?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Yes, that is why a bimetal compensation is installed between the movement and the measuring tube. This compensation is technically limited within a specific range. For WIKA gas-actuated instruments the standard ambient temperature is approx. 23 ± 10 °C. Deviating ambient temperatures are possible, but have to be specified.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["SB15", "SC15", "SW15", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35622,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum length of a capillary for gas actuated thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Theoretically, the capillary of a gas-actuated thermometer can be up to 100 m long. However, a large probe volume is needed so that the gas-actuated thermometer will operate within class 1. With the expansion thermometer, the maximum length is limited to 15 metres, otherwise the required filling volume would be too great.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["TGS73", "75", "74", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35621,
"question": "\n\n When does one use a gas actuated thermometer with capillary?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Gas-actuated or expansion thermometers with capillaries are used in locations which are not easily accessible and where long distances have to be bridged. As a protective coating for capillaries, a flexible spiral protective sleeve or PVC coating is available.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "TG54", "A46", "TGS55"]
},
"id": 35620,
"question": "\n\n Why can't the shaft of the bimetal thermometers be manufactured longer than 1 m?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since the weight of the pointer shaft would be greater than the turning bimetal coil (i.e. the pointer would no longer be able to move).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermometers with switch contacts"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "75", "74", "SW15", "SB15", "SC15", "TG53", "A46", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35619,
"question": "\n\n What does one mean by the active length of a thermometer?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The active length of a thermometer is the length over which the thermometer effectively averages the temperature, through in-and outflows of the heat.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35618,
"question": "\n\n Why can one not use a magnetic snap-action contact with bimetal measuring systems?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Since bimetal measuring systems only offer very low actuating forces.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["55", "A46", "A48"]
},
"id": 35617,
"question": "\n\n What mechanical influences, other than the actuation of switch contacts, can cause measuring errors in bimetal thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In helical bimetal spring designs, a stroke movement of the pointer may occur, which may lead to the pointer touching on the dial or the window. With the assistance of modern design and manufacturing techniques, such errors are avoided nowadays.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "A48"]
},
"id": 35616,
"question": "\n\n How can one prevent the zero position of the thermometer which has already been set during the manufacturing process, from altering (drifting) in later use?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Such a drift can be anticipated through suitable heat treatment (ageing). The finished bimetallic springs, ready for installation, should be held at a temperature of 350 °C to 400 °C (if required, higher temperatures are also possible), but stabilised below their application limit and subsequently slowly cooled.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A48", "TW10", "A46", "TR36"]
},
"id": 35631,
"question": "\n\n When are thermowells or protection tubes typically used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Protection tubes are generally recommended for low to medium process loads. Thermowells are suited to the highest process loads, depending on their design. Thus internationally or in the petrochemical industry, one-piece thermocouples are now used almost exclusively.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35629,
"question": "\n\n What are suitable materials for thermowells and protection tubes for negative temperatures?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The first choice for high-temperature applications should always be stainless steel, such as 1.4404 (approval per AD2000 W10 down to -270 °C) or 316L. Carbon steels should be considered carefully in detail, through the effect of the drop-off effect.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35628,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum permissible temperature for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The maximum temperature depends on the materials used and the standards which must be met. So, for example, a standard stainless steel can be used in air up to about +900 °C, the maximum operating temperature is approximately +600 °C and an approval can be made up to +450 °C.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["A48", "TW10", "TG53", "A46"]
},
"id": 35627,
"question": "\n\n How high is the permissible pressure loading for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the Appendix to DIN 43772 are loading diagrams, from which, depending on temperature and medium, can be taken, the maximum allowable pressure load for the different geometries. If the conduit geometry does not correspond to DIN 43772, individual calculations can be performed in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 or Dittrich / Klotter, which as static results include the max. pressure loading.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["IFC"]
},
"id": 35626,
"question": "\n\n How long does it take for an expansion thermometer to display the true temperature of the medium?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Rule of thumb: after 90 sec adjustment time, approx. 99 % of the measured value has been achieved.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["75", "74"]
},
"id": 35625,
"question": "\n\n Which gas is used as the fill fluid for gas actuated thermometers?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Helium.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["75", "TG54", "74", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35624,
"question": "\n\n What influence does the ambient temperature have on the measuring result?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This depends on the following parameters:<\/p> Possibilities for compensation:<\/p> What is meant by double-certified materials, such as "SS316/316L"?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Dual certified materials fulfil the requirements of the individual materials. The material SS316 has, per ASTM A182, a maximum carbon content of 0.08 %; the material SS316L (L = Low Carbon) has a maximum carbon content of 0.03 %. Steel alloy, with, for example, C = 0.02 %, fulfil both requirements and can be marked with SS316/316L.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35634,
"question": "\n\n What do the markings on 'sealing faces to ASME B16.5' mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Obsolete descriptions were in accordance with ANSI:<\/p> What is the appropriate sensor length for a thermometer within a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For mechanical thermometers, the sensor must have no contact with the bottom of the bore, rather it must be arranged with an air gap of 2-5 mm. For electrical thermometers, the sensor is spring-loaded, since the sensor tip must be touching the bottom of the bore, where the sensor yields approximately 2-5 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10", "A48"]
},
"id": 35640,
"question": "\n\n What tests and inspections are stipulated for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with DIN 43772 Point 4.6, all tests and certifications should be agreed between the manufacturer and operator.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35639,
"question": "\n\n Why do modern protection tubes mainly have female threads for thermometer connections, and not male threads as in older specifications?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The risk of damage with female threads is less than with male threads. Since the replacement of protection tubes is always fraught with difficulties. Since it allows the thermometer to be removed without difficulty while the plant is running, this configuration is recommended. In the past, most thermometers were used with union nuts that fitted the male threads on the protection tube.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35638,
"question": "\n\n What should be the insertion length for thermowells or protection tubes in pipes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Generally, it must be ensured that the sensor of the thermometer has the medium flowing past it. This is generally achieved by having the thermowell or protection tube tip in the middle third of the pipeline.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35636,
"question": "\n\n What is the minimum insertion length of a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The insertion length of a thermowell or protection tube will be specified through the thermometer used. In general one can assume a length of 60-100 mm for mechanical thermometers from a minimum total length. Electrical thermometers need an insertion length of at least 35-50 mm. Each individual case should be checked, though.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35635,
"question": "\n\n Why do older thermowell designs often have a spherical tip?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In the past, HSS drills were used with a tip angle of 118° for the production of thermowells. In order to achieve a possible uniform wall thickness, the tip was ball-shaped or spherical in shape. The current state of production technology enables the use of special deep hole drills, which allow a nearly flat bottom to the bore. For this reason, modern thermowells (e.g. DIN 43772) with a flat tip shape can be made.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35632,
"question": "\n\n What are the factors influencing the response times of thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Put simply, one can say that the more stable a thermowell or protection tube is constructed, the slower it reacts to temperature changes. In order to optimise the response time, there are thin wall thicknesses and low air space between sensor and the bore's interior walls. Further optimisations in design are pocket-drilled bottoms and effective insertion lengths of more than 100 mm.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35643,
"question": "\n\n What is a hydrostatic pressure test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The hydrostatic pressure test is a pressure and strength test of the components of a thermowell or protection tube in accordance with the AD2000 data sheet HP30.<\/p> For the test, the thermowell or protection tube is clamped into a test fixture and loaded at room temperature with a defined test pressure and duration (e.g. three minutes). In general, one differentiates between external and internal pressure testing. Typical test pressures are 1.5 times the nominal pressure of the flange with external pressure, or 500 bar with internal pressure.<\/p> The test is performed with water with a chloride content < 15 ppm. After passing the hydrostatic pressure test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with a "P".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35644,
"question": "\n\n What is a helium leak test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For leak testing in accordance with DIN EN 1779 (1999) / EN 13185, helium 4.6 is used as a test gas.<\/p> The test is able to detect minimal leakage rates and is considered the most sensitive test method for leak testing. In general, one should distinguish between an integral and local test method. In the integral test, leak rates (e.g. 1 x 10-7<\/sup> mbar · l/s) can be determined, while the local testing enables the location of the leak to be determined using a spray probe. After passing a helium leak test, the thermowell or protection tube is labelled with a corresponding sticker.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35649,
"question": "\n\n Why do some users specify a polished thermowell surface, and others define a high roughness or knurling of the area in the flow?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n This depends on the usage of the thermowell.<\/p> A polished surface has a higher corrosion resistance than a rough surface.<\/p> The rough or knurled surface has an advantage with respect to the vibrational excitation by the Karman vortex street, meaning such thermowells can withstand higher flow rates than smooth thermowells.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35648,
"question": "\n\n What is an ultrasonic test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Through an ultrasonic test to DIN EN ISO 17640, for example, full penetration welds on thermowells can be investigated with respect to irregularities (cracks, voids, insufficient bonding). To do this, the reflections of a radiated ultrasonic signal from the interfaces of irregularities are measured. To determine the position of the irregularities, the ultrasound machine is set in advance with the aid of a reference body. The ultrasonic method can also be used to measure the wall thickness of a thermowell, in order to determine the bore centrality.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35647,
"question": "\n\n What is an X-ray testing?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Through an X-ray test to EN 1435 or ASME Section V, Article 2, Edition 2010, for example, full penetration welds on thermowells can be investigated with respect to irregularities (cracks, voids, insufficient bonding). Here, depending on the dimensions of the thermowell, up to five X-ray images may be necessary to determine irregularities with sizes < 0.5 mm in the full-penetration weld. An X-ray examination can also be used to record the bore centrality in thermowells. For this purpose, two images of the thermowell tip at 90° to each other are required.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35646,
"question": "\n\n What is a dye penetrant test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With the penetrant test in accordance with DIN EN 3452-1, fine surface cracks and porosities in weld seams can be made visible. After cleaning the surface to be inspected, a contrast agent (red or fluorescent) is sprayed on. Through the capillary effect, this agent penetrates any surface defects there might be. After re-cleaning the surface, a developer (white) is then sprayed on, which extracts the contrast agent (from any hairline cracks, etc.) and through colour contrast, enables an easy evaluation of the defects. After passing a liquid penetration test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with "PT".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35645,
"question": "\n\n What is a PMI test?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PMI (positive material identification) test proves which alloy constituents exist in the material. There are various common test procedures.<\/p> With optical emission spectrometry (OES) in accordance with DIN 51008-1 and -2, an arc is generated between the thermowell or protection tube surface and the test equipment, and the spectrum of this arc enables the alloy’s elements to be identified – both qualitatively and quantitatively. A characteristic feature of this procedure is the fire mark that is left on the workpiece.<\/p> A test procedure which doesn’t damage the surface is X-ray analysis; during the X-ray the atoms of the thermowell or protection tube material are energised until they radiate themselves. The wavelength and intensity of the emitted radiation is again a measure of the alloy’s constituent elements and their concentrations.<\/p> Following a successful PMI test / positive material identification test, the thermowell or protection tube is marked with "PMI".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35642,
"question": "\n\n What does ZFP, NDE or NDT mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n ZFP is the German abbreviation for "Zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen" (non-destructive examinations).<\/p> The abbreviations NDE or NDT stand for "Non-Destructive Examination" or "Non-Destructive Testing", respectively. This is used to refer to non-destructive inspections or tests on components in general.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35641,
"question": "\n\n What tests are usual or possible for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Common non-destructive tests are the pressure test and, for protection tubes and thermowells with a welding seam, the liquid penetrant test. In addition, to test the centrality of the bore, ultrasound or X-ray testing is possible. To test the sealing, helium leak testing is an option. The surface finish or surface hardness may also be tested. A material test would be Positive Material Identification (PMI test).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TW10"]
},
"id": 35652,
"question": "\n\n What information is needed in order to perform a thermowell calculation in accordance with ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For this one needs the following information:<\/p> Further information can be found in our Technical Information IN 00.15<\/a> "Strength calculation for thermowells".<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35655,
"question": "\n\n What is the maximum insertion length for a thermowell or protection tube?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For protection tubes, the maximum length is limited by the manufactured lengths of the tubes, which is about 5-6 meters. Thermowells are made of solid material and limited by the production length of the drill hole, which, for each product is between 1,000 mm and 2,000 mm. Longer thermowells have to be made by welding individual elements together.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35657,
"question": "\n\n What does calibration mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n To calibrate in measurement technology means to determine the deviations in the complete measuring instrument. With calibration, there is no technical intervention at the measuring instrument, such as zero point adjustment, span and linearity setting, etc. With indicating measuring instruments calibration establishes the measuring deviation between the display and what is claimed to be the correct value of the measurand. For material measurements, for example dimensions, the measuring deviation is determined by measuring the difference between the marking and the correct value. For measuring chains one determines the deviation between the measured value of the output signal and the value that this signal should have with an ideal transfer characteristic and a given input value.<\/p> <\/p> \n Which models from the current DIN 43772 correspond to the old DIN 16179 and DIN 43763?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n DIN 16179<\/p> DIN 43763<\/p> Previously not standardised: Form 2F, 4F, 7<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35653,
"question": "\n\n Can the calculations per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 be used for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. The calculation per ASME PTC 19.3 TW-2016 is only used for thermowells in tapered, straight or stepped designs from solid materials, such as Model TW10, TW15, TW20, etc.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers", "Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": ["A46", "A48", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35651,
"question": "\n\n Are there any GOST certificates for thermowells and protection tubes?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. GOST certificates only exist for measuring instruments and a thermowell and protection tube is only considered a component part of a thermometer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["A46", "TW10", "A48"]
},
"id": 35650,
"question": "\n\n Do thermowells or protection tubes need to be CE marked?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermowells or protection tubes must not be CE marked, in principle. An exception as a result of its special design is the model TW61 thermowell with DN > 25, suitable for orbital welding. This must be CE marked in accordance with the Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35658,
"question": "\n\n What is adjustment?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Adjustment means setting or alignment of a measuring instrument (also a material measure) so that the measuring deviations are made as small as possible or that the magnitudes of the measuring deviations do not exceed the error limits. The adjustment, therefore, requires an intervention which, in most cases, permanently alters the measuring instrument or the material measure, e.g. repositioning the pointer or fitting a new dial.<\/p> <\/p> \n What is verification?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The verification of a measuring instrument (also a material measure) includes the testing, from the competent calibration authority in accordance with the calibration instructions to be carried out, and the stamping.<\/p> Through the testing, it is determined whether the measuring instrument submitted meets the calibration specifications (meaning whether it, in the nature of its properties and its metrological properties, satisfactorily meets the requirements), in particular, whether the magnitude of the measuring deviations does not exceed the error limits (n).<\/p> Through the stamping, it is certified that the measuring instrument has satisfied these requirements at the time of the testing, and through its nature is expected, if handled in line with the codes of practice within the calibration interval, to remain within the specified tolerance range.<\/p> Which instruments are subject to obligatory verification and which are excluded from this is regulated by law.<\/p> <\/p> \n What is the maximum pressure that the WIKA DAkkS laboratory is certified up to?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n 10,000 bar<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35661,
"question": "\n\n What is the minimum number of calibration points in a calibration report (DKD/DAkkS certificate) for pressure?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n How frequently, or after what interval, is the recalibration of a pressure measuring instrument required?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n What is the difference between a dry well calibrator and a micro calibration bath?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Dry well calibrators/micro calibration baths consist of a thermally insulated metal block which is heated, and for instruments which work with Peltier elements, which can also be cooled.<\/p> The reference, which the calibrator controls, is mounted directly into the metal block. The working range of commercially available temperature calibrators, using Pt resistance thermometers as a standard, extends from approximately -45 °C to 650 °C.<\/p> Calibrators that work with Peltier elements are typically used from -35 °C to 165 °C, and those that are fitted with resistance heating from 35 °C to 700 °C.<\/p> In addition, there are high-temperature dry well calibrators which can be used, depending on the model, up to 1,300 °C. They work with precious-metal thermocouples as standards and control thermometers. In these cases, the measurement uncertainties are higher than in calibrators which use a resistance thermometer as a standard.<\/p> The working range of micro calibration baths is (unlike the dry block calibrators) strictly limited, due to the use of liquids (usually silicone oil) instead of inserts. In order to be able to calibrate using these liquids, they must be sufficiently viscous at ambient temperature. This requirement then limits the upper end of the temperature range to approximately 250 °C. They do have the advantage of homogeneous mixing of the liquid due to a magnetic stirrer at the bottom, meaning no axial nor radial gradients are observed.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350"]
},
"id": 35668,
"question": "\n\n What material are the inserts for a dry well calibrator made from?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The material for the inserts depends on the temperature range of the dry well calibrator.<\/p> The selected material should have a temperature range far remove from the melting point. E.g. for a temperature range of:<\/p> When is a shut-off valve needed on the CPP1000 - M/L hydraulic test pumps?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n When test units with a large internal volumes should be calibrated with it (e.g. pressure gauge from NS 100). For pressure transmitters with a small channel bore volume, a shut-off valve is needed. The volume change of the piston with a complete spindle hub is only 3.9 ccm.<\/p> In addition, a check valve is necessary when reference devices are used with large internal volumes (e.g. NS 100 pressure gauge). When using the CPH series reference pressure transmitters and pressure transmitters on the test item side, a shut-off valve is required.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35671,
"question": "\n\n For which pressure and temperature ranges have the calibration laboratories been accredited?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Pressure:<\/p> Temperature:<\/p> How must the inserts be designed in order to get the best results?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The inserts should be drilled in accordance with the diameter of the test items.<\/p> In general, the bore diameter, taking the thermal expansion of the test item into account, should be selected to be as small as possible.<\/p> Air gap between the thermometer and the bore will act as resistances to heat transfer and will significantly affect the heat transfer through heat conduction. As a consequence, the test bore diameter should be a maximum of 0.5 mm larger than the external diameter of the thermometer.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35667,
"question": "\n\n What is the minimum immersion depth with dry-well calibrators?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The minimum immersion depth for dry-well calibrators, essentially, depends on the axial gradient and the desired accuracy of the calibration.<\/p> It is generally recommended to calibrate with the probe sitting on the bottom of the sleeve bore. For shorter sensors that do not allow complete immersion, an external reference, placed at the same height, can be used to improve the measurement results.<\/p> The calibration immersion depth can be checked by reducing the maximum possible immersion depth by 10 %. The heat dissipation error that occurs should deviate from the desired accuracy by a maximum of 10 %.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35665,
"question": "\n\n What does stability mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The temperature difference between the minimum and the maximum for fluctuating temperature, taken over 30 minutes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators", "Calibration baths"],
"type": ["CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35664,
"question": "\n\n What does radial gradient mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature difference between the individual bores of an insert.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Portable temperature calibrators", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths", "Mensor - Portable temperature calibrators"],
"type": ["CTD4000", "CPH8000", "CTD9350", "CTM9350-165"]
},
"id": 35663,
"question": "\n\n What is an axial gradient?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Temperature difference/temperature gradient from the bottom – maximum immersion depth – to the top - surface of the calibrator.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35679,
"question": "\n\n What is a national standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard approved by national decision as basis for the determination of values of all other standards of the quantity in question (SI unit).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35678,
"question": "\n\n What is a standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Standard (VIM): "Material measure, measuring instrument, reference material or measuring device intended to define, materialise, conserve or reproduce a unit or one or several values of a quantity."<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35677,
"question": "\n\n What is an accreditation?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Confidence in calibration stands or falls on the competence of those who deliver the assessment service. Many of these conformity assessment bodies substantiate the quality of their own work through an accreditation. In this process, they demonstrate to an independent accreditation body that they complete their activities competently, in compliance with legal and normative requirements and to an internationally comparable level.<\/p> In Germany, only DAkkS acts as a national accreditation body.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35676,
"question": "\n\n Why should equipment be calibrated?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n To ensure consistent quality of the manufactured products, quality management according to the family of standards DIN EN ISO 9000 has been in force for years and is indispensable for many companies. This standard requires that all quality-relevant features of a product must be tested and, when doing so, retraceable inspection equipment is regularly used. Calibration ensures that the measured results are internationally comparable and product liability risks are minimised - an important prerequisite for competitiveness on tomorrow's markets.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35675,
"question": "\n\n What advantages are offered by accreditations?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For the company, accreditations promote international comparability and recognition of certificates and test reports. This transparency makes it easier for companies to gain access to national and international markets. Moreover, proof of accreditation is often the prerequisite of certain norms of "potential customers". The business relationship is only made possible by virtue of accreditation. The consumer can rely on the data on the calibration certificate. Moreover, he knows that, depending on the data given, standards, regulations and international recommendations are thereby guaranteed (conformity statement). Finally, he can rest assured that the DKD/ DAkkS certificate is recognised internationally within wide boundaries.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35674,
"question": "\n\n How do you recognise an accredited body?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n All bodies accredited by the DAkkS can prove their status by an accreditation certificate. In sovereign territory, the certificate is provided with the federal eagle. Moreover, the bodies can signal their accredited status by using the DAkkS accreditation symbols on test reports and certificates and thus document the high quality of their evaluation service. The symbol consists of the protected DAkkS logo and a unique registration numbere. On its website, the DAkkS makes available a database of all accredited bodies (www.dakks.de<\/a>).<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35673,
"question": "\n\n What is the German Calibration Service (DKD)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n In accordance with the Units and Time Act (EinheitZeitG), the PTB is responsible for ensuring the uniformity of measurement. This includes, in particular, the propagation of the units of measure within the meaning of measurement technology traceability. For the propagation of the units, the PTB primarily operates accredited laboratories. To promote uniformity in metrology, and with the aim of an extended professional support, on the 3rd<\/sup> May, 2011, a committee was established with the PTB for the development of measurement technology bases for calibration, in which the PTB and accredited calibration laboratories cooperate closely.<\/p> This body has the title “Deutscher Kalibrierdienst (DKD)” - German Calibration Service - and is under the direction of the PTB.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35672,
"question": "\n\n What is the German physical and technical test institute (PTB)?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PTB, Braunschweig and Berlin, is the metrological state institute and Germany's highest technical body for metrology. It stores and develops the national standards for implementing the SI units and ensures their comparability on an international level by cooperation with other state institutes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35687,
"question": "\n\n What is the derivative time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The derivative time is the time required when controlling a differential until a ramp deviation corresponds with the control output in proportional control. The longer the derivative time, the stronger is the derivative component of the output signal.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TR36"]
},
"id": 35686,
"question": "\n\n What is the hysteresis?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Two-point control switches the output on or off depending on the deviation form the set point. This means that the output can frequently change with the smallest temperature changes. This can shorten the service life of the output relay and it can have a negative effect on the service life of the power switch. Therefore, a separation is created between the points for switching ON and OFF. This difference between the switching points is known as the hysteresis.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35685,
"question": "\n\n What are fluctuations and overshoots?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Two-point control often involves undulation. A temperature rise above the set point, after the start of the temperature control, is referred to as overshoot. Temperature changes around the set point are referred to as fluctuations. A better quality of control is expected when the level of overshoot and fluctuation is low.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35684,
"question": "\n\n What is the set point?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The set point is the parameter that the temperature controller<\/a> should react to. The time required to achieve stable control varies for each controlled system.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35683,
"question": "\n\n What is self-optimisation or autotuning?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The PID terms for temperature control vary in value and combination, depending on the characteristics of the controlled system. In current use, there are a number of traditional methods proposed and implemented for determining the PID terms from the waveform of the temperatures to be controlled by the temperature controller. This enables self-optimisation (e.g. the determination of the PID terms used for a variety of controlled systems). Among the self-optimisation processes are step response, limit sensitivity and limit cycle processes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Calibration baths", "Mensor - Calibration baths"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35682,
"question": "\n\n Why is no certificate issued for the CTB9400, CTB9500?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Calibration baths of such a volume always require the use of an external reference. The display is no longer reliable, owing to the volume and the gradient. For these reasons, no certificate will be issued for these baths.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35681,
"question": "\n\n What is a working standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard routinely used for calibrating or testing material measures, measuring instruments or reference materials.<\/p> What is a reference standard?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A standard, in general of the highest available accuracy at a given place or at an organisation which can be used to carry out measurements there.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35693,
"question": "\n\n What is fuzzy logic?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Fuzzy logic is a theory which has been developed mainly for the modelling of uncertainties and vagaries from non-standard specifications. It is a generalisation of two-valued Boolean logic.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35692,
"question": "\n\n What is a PID controller?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n PID control is a combination of proportional, integral and derivative control. Thus, through proportional control, the temperature is controlled smoothly without fluctuations. Through integral control, automatic offset-matching is made and through derivative control, a fast reaction to external disturbances is possible.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35691,
"question": "\n\n What is D-control?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n D-function (or derivative control function) is used in order to hold an output in proportion to a time derivative function of the input.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35690,
"question": "\n\n What is P-control?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n P-control (proportional control) is used to hold an output in proportion to the deviation between the set point and the actual value.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35689,
"question": "\n\n What is a two-point controller?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A two-point controller is a controller that works discontinuously, with two output states. Depending on whether the actual value is above or below the set point, the upper or lower output state is active. Two-point controllers are used when the actuating variable is not a continuous variable, rather it can switch between two states, e.g. On/Off. Though the two-point controller achieves a steady state, it never stops working. With strong changes in the set point it can certainly control quicker than is possible with other control processes.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Temperature controllers"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35688,
"question": "\n\n What is the integral time?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The integral time is the defined time in which the integrator must reach the value of the step response of the P-controller. The shorter the integral time, the stronger the effect of the integral component. If the integral time is too short, however, this can lead to fluctuations.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Resistance thermometry bridges", "Mensor - Resistance thermometry bridges"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35739,
"question": "\n\n What do different abbreviations like RTD, PRT, SPRT… mean?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n For which pressure ranges has the mobile calibration service been accredited?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n On-site calibration:<\/p> Calibration vans:<\/p> Can a 3.1 acceptance test certificate/factory calibration certificate be used for traceability?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n No. A 3.1 inspection certificate/factory calibration certificate is only used to list single measured values and can't be used for traceability. The statement that a 3.1 inspection certificate/factory calibration certificate documents the traceability is only acceptable if:<\/p> On cost grounds, this is only used in a reduced form in many cases. 3.1 inspection certificates/factory calibration certificates from accredited testing and calibration laboratories must be treated like calibration certificates from non-accredited institutes.<\/p> <\/p> \n What are the typical applications for the ScrutonWell®<\/sup> design thermowells?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Thermowells in ScrutonWell®<\/sup> design can be used when, with a thermowell calculation, the dynamic element of the calculation is only passed to a limited extent.<\/p> In contrast to the standard optimisation possibilities (shortening the insertion length/use of a support collar or enlarging the thermowell diameter), which improve the resonance ratio of the thermowell calculation, the ScrutonWell®<\/sup> design reduces the vibration stimulus of the thermowell, through its helical windings, by more than 90 % and thus makes the dynamic element of the strength calculation redundant.<\/p> Get more information about ScrutonWell® design thermowells<\/a>.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems", "Diaphragm seals"],
"type": ["990.45", "DSSA11SA"]
},
"id": 35854,
"question": "\n\n How does a diaphragm seal work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm made of the appropriate material separates the medium to be measured from the measuring instrument. The internal space between the diaphragm and the pressure measuring instrument is completely filled with a system fill fluid. The process pressure is transmitted by the elastic diaphragm into the fluid and from there to the measuring instrument.<\/p> <\/p> \n In which application areas can diaphragm seal systems be used?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seal systems can withstand pressure at extreme temperatures (-130 … +400 °C) and with a wide variety of media, thus enabling accurate pressure measurements under extreme conditions.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seals", "Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": ["DSSA11SA"]
},
"id": 35901,
"question": "\n\n What are the advantages of diaphragm seals?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Diaphragm seals offer the advantage that the “contact surface” between pressure medium and diaphragm is relatively large, thus ensuring accurate pressure measurement, especially for very low pressures (< 600 mbar). Furthermore, they can be easily dismounted, e.g. for cleaning or calibration purposes.<\/p> \n What is a diaphragm seal system?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A diaphragm seal system is a combination of a diaphragm seal and a pressure measuring instrument, which can be adapted to even the most difficult of conditions within process industries. A diaphragm made of the appropriate material separates the medium to be measured from the measuring instrument. The combined systems can therefore withstand a pressure of 10 mbar up to 3,600 bar at extreme temperatures and with a wide variety of media, thus enabling accurate pressure measurements.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Gas density monitors"],
"type": ["GDM-100", "GDM 233.52.100"]
},
"id": 35939,
"question": "\n\n What is the display accuracy of the gas density monitor?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The gas density monitor has a class accuracy of ±1 % at 20 °C. At -20 °C and +60 °C, the tolerance is 2.5 %. The accuracy between these temperatures can be interpolated linearly.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Service equipment"],
"type": ["GPU-S-2000", "GPU-S-3000", "GPU-B-2000", "GPU-B-3000"]
},
"id": 36007,
"question": "\n\n What are the special features of the safety concept of the GPU-S-x000?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n Among the special features is the separation in two autonomously operating controllers.<\/p> The process controller controls all processes and communicates with the operator via the input display (also called the HMI “Human Machine Interface”).<\/p> The safety controller, which is based on SIL 2 components, monitors critical conditions of the system.<\/p> The SIL 2-certified components we are referring to are the pressure sensors, a load cell for measuring tank contents and the SF6<\/sub> gas detector (IR technology). The latter detects emissions in a range from 0 ... 2,000 ppmv. When the workplace limits are exceeded (1,000 ppmv), the detector automatically places the system into a safe condition and alerts the operator. The emission of SF6<\/sub> gas during handling is thus reduced to a minimum.<\/p> WIKA is the only provider of SF6<\/sub> gas handling equipment with a safety control in accordance with SIL 2.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 36079,
"question": "\n\n What is the difference between a calibration and an adjustment?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n If an instrument is calibrated and the deviation is too large and is no longer within the manufacturer's specifications, the instrument will be reset. This process is known as adjustment.<\/p> <\/p> \n What is the difference between the factory calibration and the calibration in accordance with ISO 17025?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n The difference is that the factory calibration only documents the deviation from the reference, while ISO 17025 calibration ensures traceability to the national standard. In addition, along with the deviation, the hysteresis and the repeatability are also documented. This is also internationally recognised.<\/p> \n How does a calibration certificate in accordance with ISO 17025 differ from a factory calibration?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n With a calibration in accordance with ISO 17025, many more key figures are determined and the expanded measurement uncertainty is developed graphically. This is, therefore, also recognised worldwide by all operators.<\/p> <\/p> \n What are the benefits of level sensors?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n What are bypass level indicators, and how do they work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A bypass level indicator is mounted on the outside of a vessel using at least two communicating connection points. These points allow some fluid from the tank to enter the level indicator’s bypass chamber. Also inside this chamber is a float with a magnet, which rises and falls alongside the tank’s liquid level. As the float moves up or down, it magnetically flips the two-colored magnetic rollers or flags that it passes by for an easy-to-read display of the actual liquid level. See this video for a short explanation of how bypass level indicators work.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["IN - Continuous measurement", "Continuous measurement with float"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35706,
"question": "\n\n What is a magnetostrictive level sensor used for?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n These level sensors are used as measured value pick-ups for the continuous recording of levels, and are based on determining the position of a magnetic float according to the magnetostrictive principle.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level measurement"],
"productline": ["Continuous measurement with float", "IN - Continuous measurement"],
"type": ["FLR-SC", "FLM-CA", "FLM-CM"]
},
"id": 35705,
"question": "\n\n How does a level sensor work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n These level sensors work on the float principle with magnetic transmission. The float's magnetic system actuates a resistance measuring chain that corresponds to a 3-wire potentiometer circuit in the guide tube.<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level measurement"],
"productline": ["Float switches", "Continuous measurement with float", "IN - Continuous measurement"],
"type": ["RLS-7000", "RLS-2000", "RLS-1000", "RLS-8000", "RLS-3000", "RLS-6000", "RLS-5000", "FLR-SC"]
},
"id": 35704,
"question": "\n\n How does a built-in magnetic system work?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n A float with a built-in magnetic system moves with the level of the medium to be measured on a guide tube which has one or more reed switch contacts built into it. The magnet actuates the contacts at the pre-set switching heights and thus allows individual levels to be monitored. The simple and tried-and-trusted principle of operation is suitable for a very wide range of applications.<\/p> <\/p> \n What are the benefits of optoelectronic switches in level measurement?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n \n How to find the ASL products under WIKA?<\/p>\n",
"answer": "\n\n New product designations for the ASL product portfolio<\/strong><\/p> The company ASL, a leading manufacturer of AC resistance bridges and high-accuracy hand-held thermometers, has been part of the WIKA Group since January 2013.<\/p> With this acquisition the product range in the field of calibration technology with the measurement parameter temperature offered by WIKA has been extended.<\/p> In order to integrate the products into the WIKA websites, the previous model designations have been changed. Regarding their technical features the products remain unchanged.<\/p>
<\/p>
990.18<\/a>, 990.22<\/a>, 990.24<\/a>, 990.50<\/a>, 990.51<\/a>, 990.52<\/a>, 990.53<\/a><\/p>
981.18<\/a>, 981.22<\/a>, 981.50<\/a>, 981.51<\/a>, 981.52<\/a>, 981.53<\/a><\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35550,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HXMytpddn7g/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC10-0", "TR10-J", "TC10-A"]
},
"id": 35561,
"question": "\n\n
D = 6 mm : 0.1 Ohm/m = 0.25 K/m (measuring error)
(D = external diameter of the MI cable)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Thermocouples", "Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-A", "TR10-0", "TC10-D", "TC10-B", "TC10-C", "TC15", "TR10-J", "TC10-A", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-2", "TC10-4", "TC15-2", "TC10-2", "TC10-3"]
},
"id": 35563,
"question": "\n\n
Class A ± (0.15+0.002 * t)
Class B ± (0.3+0.005 * t)
Class C ± (0.6+0.01 * t)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-H", "TR10-3", "TR10-4", "TR15-2", "TR10-A", "TR10-2", "TC85", "TR10-0", "TR20", "TR10-J"]
},
"id": 35574,
"question": "\n\n
Upper output limit in accordance with NAMUR is 20.5 mA (other value possible)<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Temperature transmitters", "Temperature controllers"],
"type": ["TIF11"]
},
"id": 35579,
"question": "\n\n
NAMUR Upscale: 21.5 mA<\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": [],
"type": []
},
"id": 35586,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Vjse8sS800w/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["55", "A48", "A46", "IFC"]
},
"id": 35606,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Dial thermometers"],
"type": ["75", "74"]
},
"id": 35623,
"question": "\n\n
Sealing faces with a standard roughness "Stock Finish" 125-250 AARH to B16.5<\/li>
< 125 AARH (not defined in B16.5)<\/li>
< 63 AARH to B16.5<\/li><\/ul>
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/aUQyMTUAMos/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : [],
"productline": ["Thermowells / protection tubes"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35654,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35659,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35660,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JPjnoGhyjXU/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Temperature measurement"],
"productline": ["Resistance thermometers"],
"type": ["TR10-0", "TW10"]
},
"id": 35793,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5ScB2nEcfOs/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": []
},
"id": 35857,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Pressure measurement "],
"productline": ["Diaphragm seal systems"],
"type": ["DMSU21SA", "DSSA11SA"]
},
"id": 35912,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 36081,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology", "SF6<\/sub> gas products"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 36082,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level measurement"],
"productline": ["Continuous measurement with float", "IN - Continuous measurement"],
"type": ["FLM-CA"]
},
"id": 35708,
"question": "\n\n
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/htlo_gUMJQg/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Level measurement"],
"productline": ["Optoelectronic switches"],
"type": ["OSA-SC", "OLS-2"]
},
"id": 35703,
"question": "\n\n
Designs for pressure ranges from vacuum up to 500 bar<\/li><\/ul>
\nYou can find further information in the following video\n
\n\n<\/i>\n![\"Video\"](\"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3a5tEEL69Ac/maxresdefault.jpg\")
\n<\/a> <\/p>\n"
},
{
"filterCategories": {
"measured_range" : ["Calibration technology"],
"productline": ["Precision pressure measuring instruments", "Electrical calibration instruments", "Calibration systems", "Hand-helds", "Resistance thermometry bridges", "Reference thermometers", "Mensor - Resistance thermometry bridges", "Mensor - Reference thermometers"],
"type": ["CPH8000"]
},
"id": 35702,
"question": "\n\n